01_basic_input_output.cpp

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{	// Basics: 
	// intput and output:
	cout << "hello, world!" << endl;
	int x;
	cout << "Enter value for x: ";
	cin >> x;
	cout << "The value of x: " << x << endl;

	// Data types: 
	// integer types (of multiple ranges):
	int a = 3;
	cout << a << endl;
	long b = -9990;
	cout << b << endl;
	long long c = 0;
	cout << c << endl;

	// decimal types (of multiple ranges):
	float d = 9.34;
	cout << d << endl;
	float e = -9; // can also store int
	cout << e << endl;
	double f = 89.223;
	cout << f << endl;
	long double g = -2392.222;
	cout << g << endl;

	//charater types (of multiple ranges):
	char h = 'h'; // takes only single aplhabetical character in single (') quotes
	cout << h << endl;
	string i = "hello how";
	cout << i << endl;

	// NOTE:
	// in this these two char and string are mainly used but there is other one that is getline, it has a different use case here is an example, so consider that:
	string j;
	cout << "Enter sentence for j: ";
	cin >> j;
	cout << j << endl;
	/* OUTPUT:
	hello how
	Enter sentence for j: hello how are you
	hello[Finished in 6.5s] */
	// as you saw we wrote a 4 word sentence still we get only the first word printed, to solve this problem we have getline
	string k;
	cout << "Enter the sentence for k: ";
	getline(cin, k);
	cout << k << endl;
	// getline takes the input and stores it in the vaiable and also print the output

	// REMENDER: if you are running line 49 to 52 make sure line all the above code is commented out otherwise it will not work in some cases:
	return 0;
}