diff --git a/.github/scripts/lint-workflow-policy.test.mjs b/.github/scripts/lint-workflow-policy.test.mjs
index 23b28d50d0..ebb899da66 100644
--- a/.github/scripts/lint-workflow-policy.test.mjs
+++ b/.github/scripts/lint-workflow-policy.test.mjs
@@ -31,9 +31,19 @@ test("ktlint violations are rendered into the job summary even when the check fa
     assert.match(lintWorkflow, summaryStep);
 });
 
-test("Android Lint keeps its inline reporting — it reuses the XML instead of re-running", () => {
-    // #279 가 푼 문제(모듈별 위반이 수만 줄 로그에 묻힘)를 되돌리지 않는다. lintDebug 가
-    // 만든 XML 을 재활용하므로 검사가 두 번 돌지 않는다.
-    assert.match(lintWorkflow, /lint_xml_file:\s*app\/build\/reports\/lint-results-merged\.xml/);
-    assert.match(lintWorkflow, /\.\/gradlew lintDebug/);
+test("Android Lint runs exactly once per pull request", () => {
+    const gradleInvocations = lintWorkflow.match(/^\s*run:.*lintDebug/gm) ?? [];
+    assert.equal(gradleInvocations.length, 1);
+    assert.match(lintWorkflow, /\.\/gradlew lintDebug[^\n]*--continue/);
+});
+
+test("Android Lint reports through the job summary, not a Docker reviewdog action", () => {
+    // #279 가 푼 문제(모듈별 위반이 수만 줄 로그에 묻힘)를 되돌리지 않는다 — 자리만 PR
+    // 인라인 코멘트에서 job summary 로 옮겼다. 그 도커 액션은 매 run 마다 reviewdog 을
+    // 네트워크에서 받아 설치했고, 설치가 조용히 실패하면 lint 위반이 0건이어도 required
+    // check 가 red 가 됐다. 이미지는 job 당 한 번만 빌드돼 재시도로도 풀리지 않는다 (#1093).
+    assert.match(lintWorkflow, /render-android-lint-summary\.mjs/);
+    assert.match(lintWorkflow, /- name: Summarize Android Lint violations\n\s+if: always\(\)/);
+    // 주석은 이력이라 남기고, 실제로 액션을 부르는 uses 줄만 금지한다.
+    assert.doesNotMatch(lintWorkflow, /^\s*uses:\s*dvdandroid\/action-android-lint/m);
 });
diff --git a/.github/scripts/render-android-lint-summary.mjs b/.github/scripts/render-android-lint-summary.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e8f73bb659
Binary files /dev/null and b/.github/scripts/render-android-lint-summary.mjs differ
diff --git a/.github/scripts/render-android-lint-summary.test.mjs b/.github/scripts/render-android-lint-summary.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f5ccc88d03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/scripts/render-android-lint-summary.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import fs from "node:fs/promises";
+import os from "node:os";
+import path from "node:path";
+import test from "node:test";
+
+import {
+    collectReportFiles,
+    collectViolations,
+    moduleOf,
+    parseLintXml,
+    renderSummary,
+} from "./render-android-lint-summary.mjs";
+
+// lint 9.2.1 이 실제로 남긴 리포트를 그대로 옮겼다. 여는 태그가 여러 줄이고,
+// message 의 닫는 꺾쇠는 이스케이프되지 않는다 (`<꺾쇠> 포함`).
+const REPORT = `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<issues format="6" by="lint 9.2.1">
+
+    <issue
+        id="SimpleDateFormat"
+        severity="Warning"
+        message="To get local formatting use \`getDateInstance()\`, or use \`new SimpleDateFormat(String template, Locale locale)\`."
+        category="Correctness"
+        priority="6"
+        summary="Implied locale in date format"
+        explanation="Almost all callers should use \`getDateInstance()\`.&#xA;&#xA;Therefore, you should either use the form of the constructor where you pass in an explicit locale."
+        errorLine1="    fun format(date: Date): String = SimpleDateFormat(&quot;yyyy-MM-dd&quot;).format(date)"
+        errorLine2="                                     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="/workspace/core/common/src/main/kotlin/Probe.kt"
+            line="7"
+            column="38"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="HardcodedText"
+        severity="Warning"
+        message="Hardcoded string &quot;하드코딩 &lt;꺾쇠> 포함&quot;, should use \`@string\` resource"
+        category="Internationalization"
+        priority="5"
+        summary="Hardcoded text"
+        explanation="Hardcoding text attributes directly in layout files is bad."
+        errorLine1="        android:text=&quot;하드코딩 &amp;lt;꺾쇠&amp;gt; 포함&quot; />"
+        errorLine2="        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="/workspace/core/common/src/main/res/layout/probe.xml"
+            line="9"
+            column="9"/>
+    </issue>
+
+</issues>`;
+
+const EMPTY_REPORT = `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<issues format="6" by="lint 9.2.1">
+
+</issues>`;
+
+async function writeReport(root, modulePath, xml) {
+    const report = path.join(root, modulePath, "build", "reports", "lint-results-debug.xml");
+    await fs.mkdir(path.dirname(report), { recursive: true });
+    await fs.writeFile(report, xml);
+    return report;
+}
+
+test("parses a multi-line issue tag, decodes entities, and keeps a raw closing bracket", () => {
+    const violations = parseLintXml(REPORT, { module: ":core:common" });
+
+    assert.equal(violations.length, 2);
+    assert.deepEqual(violations[0], {
+        module: ":core:common",
+        id: "SimpleDateFormat",
+        severity: "Warning",
+        message:
+            "To get local formatting use `getDateInstance()`, or use `new SimpleDateFormat(String template, Locale locale)`.",
+        file: "/workspace/core/common/src/main/kotlin/Probe.kt",
+        line: 7,
+        column: 38,
+    });
+    // `[^>]*` 로 여는 태그를 끊으면 여기서 잘려 두 번째 위반을 통째로 잃는다.
+    assert.equal(violations[1].id, "HardcodedText");
+    assert.equal(violations[1].message, 'Hardcoded string "하드코딩 <꺾쇠> 포함", should use `@string` resource');
+    assert.equal(violations[1].line, 9);
+});
+
+test("reports no violations for a clean report", () => {
+    assert.deepEqual(parseLintXml(EMPTY_REPORT), []);
+});
+
+test("reads what it can from a report lint truncated mid-issue", () => {
+    const truncated = REPORT.slice(0, REPORT.indexOf('id="HardcodedText"'));
+
+    const violations = parseLintXml(truncated);
+
+    assert.equal(violations.length, 1);
+    assert.equal(violations[0].id, "SimpleDateFormat");
+});
+
+test("keeps an issue that carries no location", () => {
+    const withoutLocation = `<issues format="6" by="lint 9.2.1">
+    <issue id="GradleDependency" severity="Warning" message="A newer version is available" />
+</issues>`;
+
+    const violations = parseLintXml(withoutLocation, { module: ":app" });
+
+    assert.equal(violations.length, 1);
+    assert.equal(violations[0].file, null);
+    assert.equal(violations[0].line, 0);
+});
+
+test("drops violations that live in the dependency cache", () => {
+    const cached = `<issues format="6" by="lint 9.2.1">
+    <issue id="OldTargetApi" severity="Warning" message="External">
+        <location file="${path.join(os.homedir(), ".gradle", "caches", "modules-2", "Cached.kt")}" line="3" column="1"/>
+    </issue>
+</issues>`;
+
+    assert.deepEqual(parseLintXml(cached), []);
+});
+
+test("derives the Gradle module path from the report location", () => {
+    assert.equal(moduleOf("/workspace", "/workspace/core/common/build/reports/lint-results-debug.xml"), ":core:common");
+    assert.equal(
+        moduleOf("/workspace", "/workspace/feature/afternote/presentation/build/reports/lint-results-debug.xml"),
+        ":feature:afternote:presentation",
+    );
+});
+
+test("collects one report per module across core and feature trees", async () => {
+    const root = await fs.mkdtemp(path.join(os.tmpdir(), "android-lint-summary-"));
+    try {
+        await writeReport(root, "core/common", REPORT);
+        await writeReport(root, path.join("feature", "afternote", "presentation"), REPORT);
+        await writeReport(root, "app", EMPTY_REPORT);
+        // lint 의 다른 리포트와 소스 트리의 XML 은 입력이 아니다.
+        const noise = path.join(root, "core/ui/build/reports/lint-results-release.xml");
+        await fs.mkdir(path.dirname(noise), { recursive: true });
+        await fs.writeFile(noise, REPORT);
+        const source = path.join(root, "core/ui/src/main/res/layout");
+        await fs.mkdir(source, { recursive: true });
+        await fs.writeFile(path.join(source, "view.xml"), REPORT);
+
+        const reports = await collectReportFiles(root);
+        assert.equal(reports.length, 3);
+
+        const violations = await collectViolations(root);
+        assert.equal(violations.length, 4);
+        // #279 회귀 가드 — :app 밖의 모듈 위반이 귀속과 함께 살아 있어야 한다.
+        assert.deepEqual(
+            [...new Set(violations.map((violation) => violation.module))].sort(),
+            [":core:common", ":feature:afternote:presentation"],
+        );
+    } finally {
+        await fs.rm(root, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    }
+});
+
+test("renders a rule tally with severity and repository relative positions", () => {
+    const summary = renderSummary(parseLintXml(REPORT, { module: ":core:common" }), {
+        root: "/workspace",
+        reportCount: 1,
+    });
+
+    assert.match(summary, /❌ \*\*위반 2건\*\* — 모듈 1개, 규칙 2종/);
+    assert.match(summary, /\| `HardcodedText` \| Warning \| 1 \|/);
+    assert.match(summary, /- `:core:common` `core\/common\/src\/main\/kotlin\/Probe\.kt:7:38`/);
+    assert.doesNotMatch(summary, /\/workspace\/core/);
+});
+
+test("renders a pass line when every module reported without violations", () => {
+    assert.match(renderSummary([], { root: "/workspace", reportCount: 26 }), /✅ 위반 없음 \(모듈 26개\)/);
+});
+
+test("distinguishes a clean run from a run that produced no report at all", () => {
+    assert.match(renderSummary([], { root: "/workspace", reportCount: 0 }), /리포트가 없다/);
+});
+
+test("collapses a multi-line message onto one list line", () => {
+    const summary = renderSummary(
+        [
+            {
+                module: ":app",
+                id: "Recycle",
+                severity: "Error",
+                message: "첫 줄\n\n둘째 줄",
+                file: "/workspace/app/src/main/kotlin/Probe.kt",
+                line: 3,
+                column: 0,
+            },
+        ],
+        { root: "/workspace", reportCount: 1 },
+    );
+
+    assert.match(summary, /- `:app` `app\/src\/main\/kotlin\/Probe\.kt:3` — 첫 줄 둘째 줄 \(`Recycle`\)/);
+});
+
+test("truncates the listing but keeps the total and the tally exact", () => {
+    const many = Array.from({ length: 150 }, (unused, index) => ({
+        module: ":core:common",
+        id: "HardcodedText",
+        severity: "Warning",
+        message: "Hardcoded string",
+        file: "/workspace/core/common/src/main/res/layout/probe.xml",
+        line: index + 1,
+        column: 9,
+    }));
+
+    const summary = renderSummary(many, { root: "/workspace", reportCount: 1 });
+
+    assert.match(summary, /❌ \*\*위반 150건\*\*/);
+    assert.match(summary, /\| `HardcodedText` \| Warning \| 150 \|/);
+    assert.match(summary, /외 50건/);
+    assert.equal(summary.split("\n").filter((line) => line.startsWith("- `")).length, 100);
+});
diff --git a/.github/workflows/lint.yml b/.github/workflows/lint.yml
index 7337f1548d..f947fa816f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/lint.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/lint.yml
@@ -80,32 +80,15 @@ jobs:
       - name: Run Android Lint
         run: ./gradlew lintDebug --continue --parallel --build-cache
 
-      # 모듈별 lint XML 을 한 파일로 합쳐 Reviewdog 가 :feature/* · :core/* 위반도
-      # PR 인라인 코멘트로 띄우도록 한다. 이전엔 :app XML 한 개만 전달돼 다른 모듈 위반이
-      # Actions step 로그(수만 줄)에 묻혔다.
-      - name: Merge module lint XMLs into one
-        if: always()
-        run: |
-          set -e
-          out=app/build/reports/lint-results-merged.xml
-          mkdir -p app/build/reports
-          {
-            echo '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>'
-            echo '<issues format="6" by="lint" client="gradle" type="baseline" name="merged">'
-            find . -path '*/build/reports/lint-results-debug.xml' -print | while read -r xml; do
-              xmllint --xpath '//issue' "$xml" 2>/dev/null || true
-            done
-            echo '</issues>'
-          } > "$out"
-          modules=$(find . -path '*/build/reports/lint-results-debug.xml' | wc -l)
-          issues=$(grep -c '<issue ' "$out" || echo 0)
-          echo "merged $issues issues from $modules modules → $out"
-
-      - name: Report Android Lint (Reviewdog)
+      # 모듈별 lint XML 을 job summary 한 곳에 모은다 — :feature/* · :core/* 위반이
+      # Actions step 로그(수만 줄)에 묻히던 문제(#279)를 여기서 푼다.
+      #
+      # 예전엔 이 자리에서 XML 을 합쳐 reviewdog(dvdandroid/action-android-lint)에 넘겼다.
+      # 그 도커 액션은 매 run 마다 reviewdog 을 `wget -q … | sh` 로 받는데, 설치가 실패해도
+      # 파이프 exit status 는 sh 의 것이라 이미지 빌드는 성공하고 entrypoint 에서
+      # `reviewdog: not found` 로 죽었다 — lint 위반이 0건이어도 required check 가 red 가
+      # 됐다. 이미지는 job 당 한 번만 빌드되므로 스텝 재시도로는 풀리지 않는다 (#1093).
+      # 인라인 코멘트를 job summary 로 대체한 판단은 ktlint 쪽과 같다 (#1012).
+      - name: Summarize Android Lint violations
         if: always()
-        uses: dvdandroid/action-android-lint@master
-        with:
-          github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          reporter: github-pr-review
-          level: warning
-          lint_xml_file: app/build/reports/lint-results-merged.xml
+        run: node .github/scripts/render-android-lint-summary.mjs