diff --git a/app/src/androidTest/java/com/afternote/afternote_fe/ReceiverSessionIsolationAndroidTest.kt b/app/src/androidTest/java/com/afternote/afternote_fe/ReceiverSessionIsolationAndroidTest.kt
index c5e6f36a26..75a2fb1f56 100644
--- a/app/src/androidTest/java/com/afternote/afternote_fe/ReceiverSessionIsolationAndroidTest.kt
+++ b/app/src/androidTest/java/com/afternote/afternote_fe/ReceiverSessionIsolationAndroidTest.kt
@@ -1,17 +1,20 @@
 package com.afternote.afternote_fe
 
+import androidx.compose.runtime.getValue
 import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.asAndroidBitmap
 import androidx.compose.ui.test.assertIsDisplayed
 import androidx.compose.ui.test.captureToImage
 import androidx.compose.ui.test.junit4.createComposeRule
 import androidx.compose.ui.test.onNodeWithText
 import androidx.compose.ui.test.onRoot
+import androidx.lifecycle.compose.collectAsStateWithLifecycle
 import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4
 import com.afternote.afternote_fe.test.FailureArtifactRule
 import com.afternote.afternote_fe.test.appTestUserRepository
 import com.afternote.core.model.user.Receiver
 import com.afternote.core.ui.theme.AfternoteTheme
 import com.afternote.feature.timeletter.presentation.screen.sender.RecipientListScreen
+import com.afternote.feature.timeletter.presentation.viewmodel.RecipientListUiState
 import com.afternote.feature.timeletter.presentation.viewmodel.RecipientListViewModel
 import org.junit.Rule
 import org.junit.Test
@@ -43,22 +46,26 @@ class ReceiverSessionIsolationAndroidTest {
 
         composeRule.setContent {
             AfternoteTheme {
+                val uiState by viewModel.uiState.collectAsStateWithLifecycle()
                 RecipientListScreen(
+                    uiState = uiState,
                     onBackClick = {},
                     onConfirmClick = {},
-                    viewModel = viewModel,
+                    onRetry = viewModel::retry,
                 )
             }
         }
 
         composeRule.waitUntil(timeoutMillis = TIMEOUT_MILLIS) {
-            viewModel.recipients.value.any { it.name == PREVIOUS_ACCOUNT_RECEIVER }
+            (viewModel.uiState.value as? RecipientListUiState.Success)
+                ?.recipients
+                ?.any { it.name == PREVIOUS_ACCOUNT_RECEIVER } == true
         }
         composeRule.onNodeWithText(PREVIOUS_ACCOUNT_RECEIVER).assertIsDisplayed()
 
         composeRule.runOnIdle { repository.receiverState.value = emptyList() }
         composeRule.waitUntil(timeoutMillis = TIMEOUT_MILLIS) {
-            viewModel.recipients.value.isEmpty()
+            (viewModel.uiState.value as? RecipientListUiState.Success)?.recipients?.isEmpty() == true
         }
 
         composeRule.onNodeWithText("수신인 목록").assertIsDisplayed()
diff --git a/app/src/androidTest/java/com/afternote/afternote_fe/TimeLetterMindRecordCompletionAndroidTest.kt b/app/src/androidTest/java/com/afternote/afternote_fe/TimeLetterMindRecordCompletionAndroidTest.kt
index 90c7f7e36d..5ff0d7b9b0 100644
--- a/app/src/androidTest/java/com/afternote/afternote_fe/TimeLetterMindRecordCompletionAndroidTest.kt
+++ b/app/src/androidTest/java/com/afternote/afternote_fe/TimeLetterMindRecordCompletionAndroidTest.kt
@@ -234,13 +234,15 @@ class TimeLetterMindRecordCompletionAndroidTest {
         composeRule.setContent {
             AfternoteTheme {
                 if (showRecipient) {
+                    val recipientUiState by recipientViewModel.uiState.collectAsStateWithLifecycle()
                     RecipientListScreen(
+                        uiState = recipientUiState,
                         onBackClick = { showRecipient = false },
                         onConfirmClick = { recipients ->
                             writeViewModel.setRecipients(recipients.map { it.receiverId })
                             showRecipient = false
                         },
-                        viewModel = recipientViewModel,
+                        onRetry = recipientViewModel::retry,
                     )
                 } else {
                     val uiState by writeViewModel.uiState.collectAsStateWithLifecycle()
diff --git a/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/component/AlignButton.kt b/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/component/AlignButton.kt
index f019959ae2..cb71f4d0fe 100644
--- a/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/component/AlignButton.kt
+++ b/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/component/AlignButton.kt
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ fun AlignButton(
     selected: Boolean,
     onClick: () -> Unit,
     modifier: Modifier = Modifier,
+    enabled: Boolean = true,
 ) {
     Box(
         modifier =
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ fun AlignButton(
                     } else {
                         Modifier
                     },
-                ).clickable(onClick = onClick),
+                ).clickable(enabled = enabled, onClick = onClick),
         contentAlignment = Alignment.Center,
     ) {
         Icon(
diff --git a/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/component/RecipientCard.kt b/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/component/RecipientCard.kt
index 9b50e7f7f6..ba4091babc 100644
--- a/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/component/RecipientCard.kt
+++ b/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/component/RecipientCard.kt
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ fun RecipientCard(
     recipientName: String,
     onClick: () -> Unit,
     modifier: Modifier = Modifier,
+    enabled: Boolean = true,
 ) {
     Row(
         modifier =
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ fun RecipientCard(
                 .fillMaxWidth()
                 .height(115.dp)
                 .background(AfternoteDesign.colors.gray2)
-                .clickable(onClick = onClick)
+                .clickable(enabled = enabled, onClick = onClick)
                 .padding(horizontal = 20.dp, vertical = 16.dp),
         verticalAlignment = Alignment.CenterVertically,
     ) {
diff --git a/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/component/SendScheduleRow.kt b/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/component/SendScheduleRow.kt
index 776aac887d..64f8086740 100644
--- a/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/component/SendScheduleRow.kt
+++ b/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/component/SendScheduleRow.kt
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ fun SendScheduleRow(
     onDateClick: () -> Unit,
     onTimeClick: () -> Unit,
     modifier: Modifier = Modifier,
+    enabled: Boolean = true,
 ) {
     Row(
         modifier =
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ fun SendScheduleRow(
         )
         Spacer(modifier = Modifier.width(12.dp))
         Row(
-            modifier = Modifier.clickable(onClick = onDateClick),
+            modifier = Modifier.clickable(enabled = enabled, onClick = onDateClick),
             verticalAlignment = Alignment.CenterVertically,
         ) {
             Text(
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ fun SendScheduleRow(
         )
         Spacer(modifier = Modifier.width(12.dp))
         Row(
-            modifier = Modifier.clickable(onClick = onTimeClick),
+            modifier = Modifier.clickable(enabled = enabled, onClick = onTimeClick),
             verticalAlignment = Alignment.CenterVertically,
         ) {
             Text(
diff --git a/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/component/TimeLetterBottomBar.kt b/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/component/TimeLetterBottomBar.kt
index 68642e2c51..191cd1a6e8 100644
--- a/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/component/TimeLetterBottomBar.kt
+++ b/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/component/TimeLetterBottomBar.kt
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ fun TimeLetterBottomBar(
     onDraftClick: () -> Unit,
     onDraftCountClick: () -> Unit,
     modifier: Modifier = Modifier,
+    enabled: Boolean = true,
 ) {
     Row(
         modifier =
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ fun TimeLetterBottomBar(
             modifier =
                 Modifier
                     .size(24.dp)
-                    .clickable(onClick = onMediaAddClick),
+                    .clickable(enabled = enabled, onClick = onMediaAddClick),
             contentAlignment = Alignment.Center,
         ) {
             Icon(
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ fun TimeLetterBottomBar(
             modifier =
                 Modifier
                     .size(24.dp)
-                    .clickable(onClick = onTextStyleClick),
+                    .clickable(enabled = enabled, onClick = onTextStyleClick),
             contentAlignment = Alignment.Center,
         ) {
             Icon(
@@ -99,22 +100,25 @@ fun TimeLetterBottomBar(
                 painter = painterResource(CoreUiR.drawable.core_ui_ic_align_center),
                 selected = textAlign == TextAlign.Center, // 상태 반영
                 onClick = onAlignCenterClick,
+                enabled = enabled,
             )
             AlignButton(
                 painter = painterResource(CoreUiR.drawable.core_ui_ic_align_left),
                 selected = textAlign == TextAlign.Start,
                 onClick = onAlignLeftClick,
+                enabled = enabled,
             )
             AlignButton(
                 painter = painterResource(CoreUiR.drawable.core_ui_ic_align_right),
                 selected = textAlign == TextAlign.End,
                 onClick = onAlignRightClick,
+                enabled = enabled,
             )
         }
 
         Spacer(modifier = Modifier.weight(1f))
 
-        TextButton(onClick = onDraftClick) {
+        TextButton(onClick = onDraftClick, enabled = enabled) {
             Text(
                 text = "임시저장",
                 style = AfternoteDesign.typography.captionLargeR,
@@ -126,6 +130,7 @@ fun TimeLetterBottomBar(
                 Modifier
                     .sizeIn(minWidth = 48.dp, minHeight = 48.dp)
                     .clickable(
+                        enabled = enabled,
                         onClickLabel = "임시저장 목록 열기",
                         role = Role.Button,
                         onClick = onDraftCountClick,
diff --git a/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/component/TimeLetterLoadErrorContent.kt b/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/component/TimeLetterLoadErrorContent.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e3207ec212
--- /dev/null
+++ b/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/component/TimeLetterLoadErrorContent.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package com.afternote.feature.timeletter.presentation.component
+
+import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Arrangement
+import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Column
+import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.fillMaxSize
+import androidx.compose.material3.Text
+import androidx.compose.material3.TextButton
+import androidx.compose.runtime.Composable
+import androidx.compose.ui.Alignment
+import androidx.compose.ui.Modifier
+import androidx.compose.ui.res.stringResource
+import com.afternote.core.ui.theme.AfternoteDesign
+import com.afternote.feature.timeletter.presentation.R
+
+@Composable
+fun TimeLetterLoadErrorContent(
+    message: String,
+    onRetry: () -> Unit,
+    modifier: Modifier = Modifier,
+) {
+    Column(
+        modifier = modifier.fillMaxSize(),
+        horizontalAlignment = Alignment.CenterHorizontally,
+        verticalArrangement = Arrangement.Center,
+    ) {
+        Text(
+            text = message,
+            style = AfternoteDesign.typography.bodyLargeR,
+            color = AfternoteDesign.colors.gray7,
+        )
+        TextButton(onClick = onRetry) {
+            Text(
+                text = stringResource(R.string.timeletter_retry),
+                style = AfternoteDesign.typography.bodyLargeB,
+                color = AfternoteDesign.colors.gray9,
+            )
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/component/TimeLetterTextButton.kt b/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/component/TimeLetterTextButton.kt
index 69be3a5c14..f9cc7fef68 100644
--- a/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/component/TimeLetterTextButton.kt
+++ b/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/component/TimeLetterTextButton.kt
@@ -6,8 +6,10 @@ import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Arrangement
 import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Row
 import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.height
 import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.padding
+import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.size
 import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.width
 import androidx.compose.foundation.shape.RoundedCornerShape
+import androidx.compose.material3.CircularProgressIndicator
 import androidx.compose.material3.Text
 import androidx.compose.runtime.Composable
 import androidx.compose.ui.Alignment
@@ -23,6 +25,8 @@ fun TimeLetterTextButton(
     onClick: () -> Unit,
     modifier: Modifier = Modifier,
     isActive: Boolean = false,
+    isLoading: Boolean = false,
+    enabled: Boolean = true,
 ) {
     val shape = RoundedCornerShape(6.dp)
     val backgroundColor =
@@ -38,14 +42,22 @@ fun TimeLetterTextButton(
                 .height(36.dp)
                 .clip(shape)
                 .background(color = backgroundColor, shape = shape)
-                .clickable(onClick = onClick)
+                .clickable(enabled = enabled && !isLoading, onClick = onClick)
                 .padding(start = 18.dp, top = 8.dp, end = 18.dp, bottom = 8.dp),
     ) {
-        Text(
-            text = text,
-            style = AfternoteDesign.typography.bodySmallR,
-            color = textColor,
-        )
+        if (isLoading) {
+            CircularProgressIndicator(
+                modifier = Modifier.size(18.dp),
+                color = AfternoteDesign.colors.gray7,
+                strokeWidth = 2.dp,
+            )
+        } else {
+            Text(
+                text = text,
+                style = AfternoteDesign.typography.bodySmallR,
+                color = textColor,
+            )
+        }
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/navigation/TimeLetterNavGraph.kt b/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/navigation/TimeLetterNavGraph.kt
index c28aea6a6d..c53efea1f7 100644
--- a/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/navigation/TimeLetterNavGraph.kt
+++ b/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/navigation/TimeLetterNavGraph.kt
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import com.afternote.feature.timeletter.presentation.screen.sender.RecipientList
 import com.afternote.feature.timeletter.presentation.screen.sender.TimeLetterDetailScreen
 import com.afternote.feature.timeletter.presentation.screen.sender.TimeLetterWriteScreen
 import com.afternote.feature.timeletter.presentation.screen.sender.TimeletterScreen
+import com.afternote.feature.timeletter.presentation.viewmodel.RecipientListViewModel
 import com.afternote.feature.timeletter.presentation.viewmodel.TimeLetterWriteViewModel
 import com.afternote.feature.timeletter.presentation.viewmodel.TimeletterViewModel
 
@@ -63,6 +64,7 @@ fun NavGraphBuilder.timeLetterNavGraph(
                 onDraftClick = { title, textContents -> viewModel.saveDraft(title, textContents) },
                 onNavigateToDraft = actions::onNavigateToDraft,
                 onErrorShown = { viewModel.clearError() },
+                onRetryEditingLetter = viewModel::retryEditingLetter,
                 onRecipientClick = { title, textContents ->
                     viewModel.updateDraftContent(title, textContents)
                     actions.onNavigateToRecipient()
@@ -122,12 +124,16 @@ fun NavGraphBuilder.timeLetterNavGraph(
                         ?: navController.getBackStackEntry(TimeLetterRoute.TimeLetterWriteRoute())
                 }
             val writeViewModel: TimeLetterWriteViewModel = hiltViewModel(writeEntry)
+            val recipientListViewModel: RecipientListViewModel = hiltViewModel()
+            val recipientListUiState by recipientListViewModel.uiState.collectAsStateWithLifecycle()
             RecipientListScreen(
+                uiState = recipientListUiState,
                 onBackClick = actions::onRecipientBack,
                 onConfirmClick = { recipients ->
                     writeViewModel.setRecipients(recipients.map { it.receiverId })
                     actions.onRecipientBack()
                 },
+                onRetry = recipientListViewModel::retry,
             )
         }
 
@@ -137,12 +143,16 @@ fun NavGraphBuilder.timeLetterNavGraph(
                     navController.getBackStackEntry(TimeLetterRoute.TimeLetterHomeRoute)
                 }
             val timeletterViewModel: TimeletterViewModel = hiltViewModel(homeEntry)
+            val recipientListViewModel: RecipientListViewModel = hiltViewModel()
+            val recipientListUiState by recipientListViewModel.uiState.collectAsStateWithLifecycle()
             RecipientListScreen(
+                uiState = recipientListUiState,
                 onBackClick = actions::onRecipientFilterBack,
                 onConfirmClick = { recipients ->
                     timeletterViewModel.setReceiverFilter(recipients.map { it.receiverId })
                     actions.onRecipientFilterBack()
                 },
+                onRetry = recipientListViewModel::retry,
                 allowEmptyConfirm = true,
             )
         }
diff --git a/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/screen/sender/RecipientListScreen.kt b/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/screen/sender/RecipientListScreen.kt
index a24f19de44..73d017ab0b 100644
--- a/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/screen/sender/RecipientListScreen.kt
+++ b/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/screen/sender/RecipientListScreen.kt
@@ -11,25 +11,25 @@ import androidx.compose.foundation.lazy.LazyColumn
 import androidx.compose.foundation.lazy.items
 import androidx.compose.foundation.lazy.rememberLazyListState
 import androidx.compose.foundation.text.input.rememberTextFieldState
+import androidx.compose.material3.CircularProgressIndicator
 import androidx.compose.material3.Scaffold
 import androidx.compose.material3.Text
 import androidx.compose.runtime.Composable
 import androidx.compose.runtime.LaunchedEffect
 import androidx.compose.runtime.getValue
 import androidx.compose.runtime.mutableStateOf
-import androidx.compose.runtime.mutableStateSetOf
 import androidx.compose.runtime.remember
 import androidx.compose.runtime.rememberCoroutineScope
+import androidx.compose.runtime.saveable.rememberSaveable
 import androidx.compose.runtime.setValue
 import androidx.compose.runtime.snapshotFlow
 import androidx.compose.ui.Alignment
 import androidx.compose.ui.Modifier
+import androidx.compose.ui.platform.testTag
 import androidx.compose.ui.res.stringResource
 import androidx.compose.ui.text.input.ImeAction
 import androidx.compose.ui.tooling.preview.Preview
 import androidx.compose.ui.unit.dp
-import androidx.hilt.lifecycle.viewmodel.compose.hiltViewModel
-import androidx.lifecycle.compose.collectAsStateWithLifecycle
 import com.afternote.core.common.util.KoreanConsonantUtil
 import com.afternote.core.model.setting.ReceiverListItem
 import com.afternote.core.ui.AfternoteTextField
@@ -41,37 +41,100 @@ import com.afternote.core.ui.theme.AfternoteDesign
 import com.afternote.core.ui.topbar.DetailTopBar
 import com.afternote.feature.timeletter.presentation.R
 import com.afternote.feature.timeletter.presentation.component.RecipientListItem
-import com.afternote.feature.timeletter.presentation.viewmodel.RecipientListViewModel
+import com.afternote.feature.timeletter.presentation.component.TimeLetterLoadErrorContent
+import com.afternote.feature.timeletter.presentation.viewmodel.RecipientListUiState
 import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
 
+/**
+ * 상태를 ViewModel에서 직접 구독하지 않는다 — [uiState]는 호출부(NavGraph)가
+ * [com.afternote.feature.timeletter.presentation.viewmodel.RecipientListViewModel]에서 읽어
+ * 넘긴다. Loading·Error·Success 분기를 실제 ViewModel 코루틴 없이 직접 값으로 오가며 검증할 수
+ * 있어야 하기 때문이다(#714 — 수신인 선택 소실 회귀 테스트).
+ */
 @Composable
 fun RecipientListScreen(
+    uiState: RecipientListUiState,
     onBackClick: () -> Unit,
     onConfirmClick: (List<ReceiverListItem>) -> Unit,
+    onRetry: () -> Unit,
     modifier: Modifier = Modifier,
     allowEmptyConfirm: Boolean = false,
-    viewModel: RecipientListViewModel = hiltViewModel(),
 ) {
-    val recipients by viewModel.recipients.collectAsStateWithLifecycle()
-    RecipientListContent(
-        recipients = recipients,
-        onBackClick = onBackClick,
-        onConfirmClick = onConfirmClick,
-        allowEmptyConfirm = allowEmptyConfirm,
+    // Success 분기 안에 두면 5초 이상 백그라운드 뒤 재구독으로 uiState 가 Loading 을 거칠 때마다
+    // RecipientListContent 가 컴포지션을 떠나 선택이 날아간다(WhileSubscribed(5_000)). 화면 자체는
+    // uiState 변화와 무관하게 계속 컴포지션에 남아 있으므로 여기로 올려 생존시킨다.
+    var selectedIds by rememberSaveable { mutableStateOf(emptySet<Long>()) }
+    when (val state = uiState) {
+        RecipientListUiState.Loading -> {
+            RecipientListLoadingContent(onBackClick, modifier)
+        }
+
+        RecipientListUiState.Error -> {
+            Scaffold(
+                modifier = modifier,
+                topBar = {
+                    DetailTopBar(
+                        title = stringResource(R.string.timeletter_recipient_list_title),
+                        onBackClick = onBackClick,
+                    )
+                },
+            ) { innerPadding ->
+                TimeLetterLoadErrorContent(
+                    message = stringResource(R.string.timeletter_recipient_list_load_failed),
+                    onRetry = onRetry,
+                    modifier = Modifier.padding(innerPadding),
+                )
+            }
+        }
+
+        is RecipientListUiState.Success -> {
+            RecipientListContent(
+                recipients = state.recipients,
+                selectedIds = selectedIds,
+                onSelectedIdsChange = { selectedIds = it },
+                onBackClick = onBackClick,
+                onConfirmClick = onConfirmClick,
+                allowEmptyConfirm = allowEmptyConfirm,
+                modifier = modifier,
+            )
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+@Composable
+private fun RecipientListLoadingContent(
+    onBackClick: () -> Unit,
+    modifier: Modifier = Modifier,
+) {
+    Scaffold(
         modifier = modifier,
-    )
+        topBar = {
+            DetailTopBar(
+                title = stringResource(R.string.timeletter_recipient_list_title),
+                onBackClick = onBackClick,
+            )
+        },
+    ) { innerPadding ->
+        Box(
+            modifier = Modifier.fillMaxSize().padding(innerPadding),
+            contentAlignment = Alignment.Center,
+        ) {
+            CircularProgressIndicator()
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 @Composable
 private fun RecipientListContent(
     recipients: List<ReceiverListItem>,
+    selectedIds: Set<Long>,
+    onSelectedIdsChange: (Set<Long>) -> Unit,
     onBackClick: () -> Unit,
     onConfirmClick: (List<ReceiverListItem>) -> Unit,
     modifier: Modifier = Modifier,
     allowEmptyConfirm: Boolean = false,
 ) {
     val searchState = rememberTextFieldState()
-    val selectedIds = remember { mutableStateSetOf<Long>() }
     val listState = rememberLazyListState()
     val coroutineScope = rememberCoroutineScope()
     var selectedConsonant by remember { mutableStateOf<Char?>(null) }
@@ -110,7 +173,7 @@ private fun RecipientListContent(
         modifier = modifier,
         topBar = {
             DetailTopBar(
-                title = "수신인 목록",
+                title = stringResource(R.string.timeletter_recipient_list_title),
                 onBackClick = onBackClick,
             )
         },
@@ -156,12 +219,15 @@ private fun RecipientListContent(
                                 recipient = recipient,
                                 selected = recipient.receiverId in selectedIds,
                                 onSelectedChange = { checked ->
-                                    if (checked) {
-                                        selectedIds.add(recipient.receiverId)
-                                    } else {
-                                        selectedIds.remove(recipient.receiverId)
-                                    }
+                                    onSelectedIdsChange(
+                                        if (checked) {
+                                            selectedIds + recipient.receiverId
+                                        } else {
+                                            selectedIds - recipient.receiverId
+                                        },
+                                    )
                                 },
+                                modifier = Modifier.testTag("recipient_item_${recipient.receiverId}"),
                             )
                         }
                     }
@@ -209,6 +275,8 @@ private fun RecipientListScreenPrev() {
                 ReceiverListItem(receiverId = 2L, name = "김철수", relation = "가족"),
                 ReceiverListItem(receiverId = 3L, name = "이영희", relation = "연인"),
             ),
+        selectedIds = emptySet(),
+        onSelectedIdsChange = {},
         onBackClick = {},
         onConfirmClick = {},
     )
diff --git a/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/screen/sender/TimeLetterWriteScreen.kt b/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/screen/sender/TimeLetterWriteScreen.kt
index b34294f162..1bce9bfbd1 100644
--- a/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/screen/sender/TimeLetterWriteScreen.kt
+++ b/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/screen/sender/TimeLetterWriteScreen.kt
@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ import com.afternote.feature.timeletter.presentation.component.MediaBottomSheetC
 import com.afternote.feature.timeletter.presentation.component.RecipientCard
 import com.afternote.feature.timeletter.presentation.component.SendScheduleRow
 import com.afternote.feature.timeletter.presentation.component.TimeLetterBottomBar
+import com.afternote.feature.timeletter.presentation.component.TimeLetterLoadErrorContent
 import com.afternote.feature.timeletter.presentation.component.TimeLetterTextButton
 import com.afternote.feature.timeletter.presentation.component.TimeLetterTitleTextField
 import com.afternote.feature.timeletter.presentation.component.TimeWheelPicker
@@ -130,6 +131,7 @@ fun TimeLetterWriteScreen(
     onDraftClick: (title: String, textContents: Map<Long, String>) -> Unit = { _, _ -> },
     onNavigateToDraft: () -> Unit = {},
     onErrorShown: () -> Unit = {},
+    onRetryEditingLetter: () -> Unit = {},
     onAddImageBlock: (Uri) -> Unit = {},
     onAddAudioBlock: (Uri) -> Unit = {},
     onAddFileBlock: (Uri) -> Unit = {},
@@ -276,6 +278,21 @@ fun TimeLetterWriteScreen(
         return
     }
 
+    if (uiState.editingLoadError) {
+        Scaffold(
+            modifier = modifier,
+            topBar = { DetailTopBar(title = "", onBackClick = onBackClick) },
+            containerColor = AfternoteDesign.colors.white,
+        ) { innerPadding ->
+            TimeLetterLoadErrorContent(
+                message = stringResource(R.string.timeletter_write_load_failed),
+                onRetry = onRetryEditingLetter,
+                modifier = Modifier.padding(innerPadding),
+            )
+        }
+        return
+    }
+
     // Apply the loaded title once per editing destination. Keying this to draftTitle would
     // overwrite the user's input whenever the draft is synchronized back to the ViewModel.
     LaunchedEffect(uiState.editingTimeLetterId) {
@@ -286,6 +303,7 @@ fun TimeLetterWriteScreen(
         }
     }
 
+    val isSubmitting = uiState.isSaving || uiState.isCheckingRegisterLimit
     var showDatePicker by remember { mutableStateOf(false) }
     var showTimePicker by remember { mutableStateOf(false) }
     var pendingHour by remember { mutableIntStateOf(LocalTime.now().hour) }
@@ -482,7 +500,9 @@ fun TimeLetterWriteScreen(
                                 collectTextContents(),
                             )
                         },
-                        isActive = !uiState.isSaving && uiState.sendAt != null,
+                        isActive = !isSubmitting && uiState.sendAt != null,
+                        isLoading = isSubmitting,
+                        enabled = !isSubmitting,
                     )
                 },
             )
@@ -498,6 +518,7 @@ fun TimeLetterWriteScreen(
                 onAlignRightClick = onAlignRightClick,
                 onDraftClick = { onDraftClick(titleState.text.toString(), collectTextContents()) },
                 onDraftCountClick = onNavigateToDraft,
+                enabled = !isSubmitting,
             )
         },
         containerColor = AfternoteDesign.colors.white,
@@ -515,6 +536,7 @@ fun TimeLetterWriteScreen(
                             collectTextContents(),
                         )
                     },
+                    enabled = !isSubmitting,
                 )
             }
             item(key = "divider_1") {
@@ -526,6 +548,7 @@ fun TimeLetterWriteScreen(
                     time = uiState.sendTime ?: "",
                     onDateClick = { showDatePicker = true },
                     onTimeClick = { showTimePicker = true },
+                    enabled = !isSubmitting,
                 )
             }
             item(key = "divider_2") {
diff --git a/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/screen/sender/TimeletterScreen.kt b/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/screen/sender/TimeletterScreen.kt
index e4bede3e23..2e2424e9ca 100644
--- a/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/screen/sender/TimeletterScreen.kt
+++ b/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/screen/sender/TimeletterScreen.kt
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ fun TimeletterScreen(
         onEditClick = onEditClick,
         onFilterRecipientClick = onFilterRecipientClick,
         onDeleteClick = { pendingDeleteId = it },
+        onRetry = viewModel::load,
         modifier = modifier,
     )
 }
diff --git a/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/screen/sender/TimeletterScreenContent.kt b/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/screen/sender/TimeletterScreenContent.kt
index beb3d155d3..4a4aa60cee 100644
--- a/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/screen/sender/TimeletterScreenContent.kt
+++ b/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/screen/sender/TimeletterScreenContent.kt
@@ -11,10 +11,12 @@ import androidx.compose.runtime.Composable
 import androidx.compose.ui.Alignment
 import androidx.compose.ui.Modifier
 import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.Color
+import androidx.compose.ui.res.stringResource
 import com.afternote.core.ui.button.FAB.PenFloatingActionButton
 import com.afternote.core.ui.topbar.HomeTopBar
-import com.afternote.feature.timeletter.presentation.component.EmptyTimeLetterContent
+import com.afternote.feature.timeletter.presentation.R
 import com.afternote.feature.timeletter.presentation.component.TimeLetterContent
+import com.afternote.feature.timeletter.presentation.component.TimeLetterLoadErrorContent
 import com.afternote.feature.timeletter.presentation.viewmodel.TimeletterUiState
 import com.afternote.feature.timeletter.presentation.viewmodel.ViewMode
 
@@ -36,6 +38,7 @@ internal fun TimeletterScreenContent(
     onEditClick: (Long) -> Unit,
     onFilterRecipientClick: () -> Unit,
     onDeleteClick: (Long) -> Unit,
+    onRetry: () -> Unit,
     modifier: Modifier = Modifier,
 ) {
     Scaffold(
@@ -56,7 +59,11 @@ internal fun TimeletterScreenContent(
             }
 
             is TimeletterUiState.Error -> {
-                EmptyTimeLetterContent(modifier = Modifier.padding(paddingValues))
+                TimeLetterLoadErrorContent(
+                    message = stringResource(R.string.timeletter_write_load_failed),
+                    onRetry = onRetry,
+                    modifier = Modifier.padding(paddingValues),
+                )
             }
 
             is TimeletterUiState.Success -> {
diff --git a/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/viewmodel/RecipientListViewModel.kt b/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/viewmodel/RecipientListViewModel.kt
index c5d097141b..5c7cfc45f9 100644
--- a/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/viewmodel/RecipientListViewModel.kt
+++ b/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/viewmodel/RecipientListViewModel.kt
@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@ package com.afternote.feature.timeletter.presentation.viewmodel
 
 import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModel
 import androidx.lifecycle.viewModelScope
-import com.afternote.core.domain.repository.UserRepository
+import com.afternote.core.domain.model.ReceiverListState
+import com.afternote.core.domain.repository.UserReceiverRepository
 import com.afternote.core.model.setting.ReceiverListItem
+import com.afternote.core.model.user.Receiver
 import dagger.hilt.android.lifecycle.HiltViewModel
 import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.SharingStarted
 import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.StateFlow
@@ -11,18 +13,51 @@ import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.map
 import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.stateIn
 import javax.inject.Inject
 
+sealed interface RecipientListUiState {
+    data object Loading : RecipientListUiState
+
+    data class Success(
+        val recipients: List<ReceiverListItem>,
+    ) : RecipientListUiState
+
+    data object Error : RecipientListUiState
+}
+
 @HiltViewModel
 class RecipientListViewModel
     @Inject
     constructor(
-        private val userRepository: UserRepository,
+        private val receiverRepository: UserReceiverRepository,
     ) : ViewModel() {
-        val recipients: StateFlow<List<ReceiverListItem>> =
-            userRepository.receiverListFlow
-                .map { receivers -> receivers.map { ReceiverListItem(it.receiverId, it.name, it.relation) } }
+        // receiverListFlow 는 실패를 마지막 목록이나 빈 목록으로 낮춰 실패와 실제 0건이 같은 모양이 된다(#1099).
+        // 상태 Flow 는 둘을 가르고(#2045), 세션 교체 시 이전 계정 목록도 SignedOut 으로 먼저 비운다(#2135).
+        val uiState: StateFlow<RecipientListUiState> =
+            receiverRepository.receiverListStateFlow
+                .map { it.toUiState() }
                 .stateIn(
                     scope = viewModelScope,
                     started = SharingStarted.WhileSubscribed(5_000),
-                    initialValue = emptyList(),
+                    initialValue = RecipientListUiState.Loading,
                 )
+
+        fun retry() {
+            receiverRepository.refreshReceiverList()
+        }
+    }
+
+private fun ReceiverListState.toUiState(): RecipientListUiState =
+    when (this) {
+        ReceiverListState.SignedOut -> RecipientListUiState.Success(emptyList())
+
+        // 갱신 로딩은 이 구독이 이미 낸 목록을 그대로 둔다 — 재시도·재조회 중 선택 화면이 깜빡이지 않게.
+        is ReceiverListState.Loading -> previousReceivers?.toSuccess() ?: RecipientListUiState.Loading
+
+        is ReceiverListState.Success -> receivers.toSuccess()
+
+        // 이전 목록이 있으면 그 목록을 유지하고, 없거나 401 로 버렸으면 실패를 그대로 보인다(#714).
+        is ReceiverListState.Failure ->
+            previousReceivers?.takeUnless { discardPrevious }?.toSuccess() ?: RecipientListUiState.Error
     }
+
+private fun List<Receiver>.toSuccess(): RecipientListUiState =
+    RecipientListUiState.Success(map { ReceiverListItem(it.receiverId, it.name, it.relation) })
diff --git a/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/viewmodel/TimeLetterWriteUiState.kt b/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/viewmodel/TimeLetterWriteUiState.kt
index 07c7de5843..978873cb2a 100644
--- a/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/viewmodel/TimeLetterWriteUiState.kt
+++ b/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/viewmodel/TimeLetterWriteUiState.kt
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import com.afternote.feature.timeletter.domain.model.RecordedAudio
 data class TimeLetterWriteUiState(
     val editingTimeLetterId: Long? = null,
     val isLoadingEditingLetter: Boolean = false,
+    val editingLoadError: Boolean = false,
     val draftTitle: String? = null,
     val draftTextContents: Map<Long, String> = emptyMap(),
     val recipientIds: List<Long> = emptyList(),
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ data class TimeLetterWriteUiState(
     val sendMinute: Int = 0,
     val draftCount: Int = 0,
     val isSaving: Boolean = false,
+    val isCheckingRegisterLimit: Boolean = false,
     val textAlign: TextAlign = TextAlign.Start,
     val error: TimeLetterWriteError? = null,
     val editorBlocks: List<EditorBlock> = listOf(EditorBlock.Text(id = 0L)),
diff --git a/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/viewmodel/TimeLetterWriteViewModel.kt b/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/viewmodel/TimeLetterWriteViewModel.kt
index 30fd000bf8..3fe1076e68 100644
--- a/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/viewmodel/TimeLetterWriteViewModel.kt
+++ b/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/viewmodel/TimeLetterWriteViewModel.kt
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ class TimeLetterWriteViewModel
         private val _uiState =
             MutableStateFlow(
                 TimeLetterWriteUiState(
+                    editingTimeLetterId = editingTimeLetterId,
                     isLoadingEditingLetter = editingTimeLetterId != null,
                 ),
             )
@@ -75,8 +76,11 @@ class TimeLetterWriteViewModel
                     runCatchingCancellable { userRepository.getReceivers() }
                         .getOrElse { emptyList() }
                         .associate { it.receiverId to it.name }
-                editingTimeLetterId?.let { loadEditingTimeLetter(it) }
+                _uiState.update { state ->
+                    state.copy(recipientNames = state.recipientIds.mapNotNull { receiverNameMap[it] })
+                }
             }
+            editingTimeLetterId?.let { id -> viewModelScope.launch { loadEditingTimeLetter(id) } }
             loadDraftCount()
             observeRecipientResult()
         }
@@ -156,7 +160,7 @@ class TimeLetterWriteViewModel
             textContents: Map<Long, String>,
         ) {
             val state = _uiState.value
-            if (state.isSaving || isCheckingRegisterLimit) return
+            if (state.isSaving || state.isCheckingRegisterLimit || state.editingLoadError) return
 
             if (state.recipientIds.isEmpty()) {
                 _uiState.update { it.copy(error = TimeLetterWriteError.RecipientRequired) }
@@ -166,7 +170,7 @@ class TimeLetterWriteViewModel
                 _uiState.update { it.copy(error = TimeLetterWriteError.SendDateRequired) }
                 return
             }
-            isCheckingRegisterLimit = true
+            _uiState.update { it.copy(isCheckingRegisterLimit = true) }
             viewModelScope.launch {
                 try {
                     if (originalEditingStatus != TimeLetterStatus.SCHEDULED) {
@@ -187,11 +191,18 @@ class TimeLetterWriteViewModel
 
                     save(title = title, textContents = textContents, status = TimeLetterStatus.SCHEDULED)
                 } finally {
-                    isCheckingRegisterLimit = false
+                    _uiState.update { it.copy(isCheckingRegisterLimit = false) }
                 }
             }
         }
 
+        fun retryEditingLetter() {
+            val timeLetterId = _uiState.value.editingTimeLetterId ?: return
+            if (_uiState.value.isLoadingEditingLetter) return
+            _uiState.update { it.copy(isLoadingEditingLetter = true, editingLoadError = false) }
+            viewModelScope.launch { loadEditingTimeLetter(timeLetterId) }
+        }
+
         fun clearError() {
             _uiState.update { it.copy(error = null) }
         }
@@ -435,14 +446,14 @@ class TimeLetterWriteViewModel
             status: TimeLetterStatus,
         ) {
             val state = _uiState.value
-            if (state.isSaving) return
+            if (state.isSaving || state.editingLoadError) return
             if (state.recipientIds.isEmpty()) {
                 _uiState.update { it.copy(error = TimeLetterWriteError.RecipientRequired) }
                 return
             }
 
+            _uiState.update { it.copy(isSaving = true) }
             viewModelScope.launch {
-                _uiState.update { it.copy(isSaving = true) }
                 try {
                     val sendAt =
                         state.sendAt?.let { date ->
@@ -531,6 +542,7 @@ class TimeLetterWriteViewModel
                         it.copy(
                             editingTimeLetterId = letter.id,
                             isLoadingEditingLetter = false,
+                            editingLoadError = false,
                             draftTitle = letter.title.orEmpty(),
                             draftTextContents =
                                 letter.blocks
@@ -548,16 +560,22 @@ class TimeLetterWriteViewModel
                         )
                     }
                 }.onFailure { error ->
-                    _uiState.update { it.copy(isLoadingEditingLetter = false) }
-                    _uiState.update {
-                        it.copy(
-                            error =
-                                if (error is TimeLetterServerRejectionException) {
-                                    TimeLetterWriteError.ServerRejection
-                                } else {
-                                    TimeLetterWriteError.LoadFailed
-                                },
-                        )
+                    if (error is TimeLetterServerRejectionException) {
+                        // 명시적 거절(예: 삭제된 타임레터)은 재시도해도 같은 결과라 스낵바로 안내하고 끝낸다.
+                        _uiState.update {
+                            it.copy(
+                                isLoadingEditingLetter = false,
+                                error = TimeLetterWriteError.ServerRejection,
+                            )
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        // 네트워크 등 일시적 실패는 재시도가 의미 있어 전체 화면 재시도 UI로 안내한다.
+                        _uiState.update {
+                            it.copy(
+                                isLoadingEditingLetter = false,
+                                editingLoadError = true,
+                            )
+                        }
                     }
                 }
         }
diff --git a/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/res/values/strings.xml b/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/res/values/strings.xml
index deca9f35d2..d623005fc0 100644
--- a/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/res/values/strings.xml
+++ b/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/main/res/values/strings.xml
@@ -25,6 +25,9 @@
     <string name="timeletter_delete_confirm">예</string>
     <string name="timeletter_delete_dismiss">아니오</string>
     <string name="timeletter_delete_failure">타임레터를 삭제하지 못했습니다. 다시 시도해 주세요.</string>
+    <string name="timeletter_retry">다시 시도</string>
+    <string name="timeletter_recipient_list_title">수신인 목록</string>
+    <string name="timeletter_recipient_list_load_failed">수신자 목록을 불러올 수 없습니다.</string>
     <string name="timeletter_recipient_search_placeholder">이름으로 검색하기</string>
     <string name="timeletter_draft_title">임시 저장된 레터</string>
     <string name="timeletter_draft_edit">선택</string>
diff --git a/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/screenshotTest/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/screen/sender/TimeletterScreenScreenshotTest.kt b/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/screenshotTest/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/screen/sender/TimeletterScreenScreenshotTest.kt
index 668bda0ad5..6c6ef9d224 100644
--- a/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/screenshotTest/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/screen/sender/TimeletterScreenScreenshotTest.kt
+++ b/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/screenshotTest/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/screen/sender/TimeletterScreenScreenshotTest.kt
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ private fun TimeletterScreenScreenshotContent(
             onEditClick = {},
             onFilterRecipientClick = {},
             onDeleteClick = {},
+            onRetry = {},
         )
     }
 }
diff --git a/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/test/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/TimeLetterLifecycleTest.kt b/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/test/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/TimeLetterLifecycleTest.kt
index 89bd9bedfe..2ef119ffe4 100644
--- a/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/test/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/TimeLetterLifecycleTest.kt
+++ b/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/test/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/TimeLetterLifecycleTest.kt
@@ -109,9 +109,8 @@ class TimeLetterLifecycleTest {
 
         firstLoad.complete(Result.failure(IllegalStateException("offline")))
         composeRule.waitUntil(timeoutMillis = TIMEOUT) { viewModel.uiState.value == TimeletterUiState.Error }
-        composeRule
-            .onNodeWithText("아직 등록된 타임레터가 없어요.", substring = true)
-            .assertIsDisplayed()
+        composeRule.onNodeWithText("타임레터를 불러올 수 없습니다.").assertIsDisplayed()
+        composeRule.onNodeWithText("다시 시도").assertIsDisplayed()
 
         val visibleLetters =
             TimeLetterList(
@@ -123,10 +122,8 @@ class TimeLetterLifecycleTest {
                 totalCount = 2,
             )
         val retryLoad = CompletableDeferred<Result<TimeLetterList>>()
-        composeRule.runOnIdle {
-            nextListLoad = retryLoad
-            viewModel.load()
-        }
+        composeRule.runOnIdle { nextListLoad = retryLoad }
+        composeRule.onNodeWithText("다시 시도").performClick()
         composeRule.waitUntil(timeoutMillis = TIMEOUT) { viewModel.uiState.value == TimeletterUiState.Loading }
         retryLoad.complete(Result.success(visibleLetters))
 
diff --git a/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/test/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/screen/sender/RecipientListScreenTest.kt b/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/test/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/screen/sender/RecipientListScreenTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7be702951f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/test/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/screen/sender/RecipientListScreenTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+package com.afternote.feature.timeletter.presentation.screen.sender
+
+import androidx.compose.runtime.getValue
+import androidx.compose.runtime.mutableStateOf
+import androidx.compose.runtime.setValue
+import androidx.compose.ui.test.filterToOne
+import androidx.compose.ui.test.hasClickAction
+import androidx.compose.ui.test.junit4.v2.createComposeRule
+import androidx.compose.ui.test.onChildren
+import androidx.compose.ui.test.onNodeWithTag
+import androidx.compose.ui.test.onNodeWithText
+import androidx.compose.ui.test.performClick
+import com.afternote.core.model.setting.ReceiverListItem
+import com.afternote.core.ui.theme.AfternoteTheme
+import com.afternote.feature.timeletter.presentation.viewmodel.RecipientListUiState
+import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
+import org.junit.Rule
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner
+import org.robolectric.annotation.Config
+import org.robolectric.annotation.GraphicsMode
+
+/**
+ * 1hyok/Sadturtleman 님 리뷰 지적 — 백그라운드 5초 이상 뒤 재구독으로 uiState 가 Loading 을 거쳐
+ * Success 로 돌아올 때(WhileSubscribed(5_000)) 체크해 둔 수신인 선택이 사라지던 회귀(#714)의 검증.
+ * RecipientListScreen 은 이 순환과 무관하게 계속 컴포지션에 남아 있어야 하고, 선택은 그 화면
+ * 최상단으로 옮겨졌으니 살아남아야 한다 — uiState 를 직접 갈아끼워 그 순환만 재현한다.
+ */
+@RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner::class)
+@GraphicsMode(GraphicsMode.Mode.NATIVE)
+@Config(sdk = [35])
+class RecipientListScreenTest {
+    @get:Rule
+    val composeRule = createComposeRule()
+
+    @Test
+    fun `uiState가 Loading을 거쳐 다시 Success가 되어도 체크해 둔 수신인 선택이 유지된다`() {
+        val recipients =
+            listOf(
+                ReceiverListItem(receiverId = 1L, name = "김수신", relation = "가족"),
+                ReceiverListItem(receiverId = 2L, name = "이수신", relation = "친구"),
+            )
+        var uiState by mutableStateOf<RecipientListUiState>(RecipientListUiState.Success(recipients))
+        var confirmed: List<ReceiverListItem>? = null
+
+        composeRule.setContent {
+            AfternoteTheme {
+                RecipientListScreen(
+                    uiState = uiState,
+                    onBackClick = {},
+                    onConfirmClick = { confirmed = it },
+                    onRetry = {},
+                )
+            }
+        }
+
+        composeRule
+            .onNodeWithTag("recipient_item_1", useUnmergedTree = true)
+            .onChildren()
+            .filterToOne(hasClickAction())
+            .performClick()
+
+        // WhileSubscribed(5_000) 재구독이 uiState 에 만드는 것과 같은 Loading→Success 순환.
+        composeRule.runOnIdle { uiState = RecipientListUiState.Loading }
+        composeRule.waitForIdle()
+        composeRule.runOnIdle { uiState = RecipientListUiState.Success(recipients) }
+        composeRule.waitForIdle()
+
+        composeRule.onNodeWithText("수신자 선택 완료하기").performClick()
+
+        assertEquals(listOf(1L), confirmed?.map { it.receiverId })
+    }
+}
diff --git a/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/test/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/viewmodel/RecipientListViewModelTest.kt b/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/test/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/viewmodel/RecipientListViewModelTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6b0958bbfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/feature/timeletter/presentation/src/test/kotlin/com/afternote/feature/timeletter/presentation/viewmodel/RecipientListViewModelTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+package com.afternote.feature.timeletter.presentation.viewmodel
+
+import com.afternote.core.domain.model.ReceiverListState
+import com.afternote.core.domain.testing.FakeUserReceiverRepository
+import com.afternote.core.model.user.Receiver
+import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
+import kotlinx.coroutines.ExperimentalCoroutinesApi
+import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.MutableStateFlow
+import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
+import kotlinx.coroutines.test.StandardTestDispatcher
+import kotlinx.coroutines.test.advanceUntilIdle
+import kotlinx.coroutines.test.resetMain
+import kotlinx.coroutines.test.runTest
+import kotlinx.coroutines.test.setMain
+import org.junit.After
+import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
+import org.junit.Before
+import org.junit.Test
+
+@OptIn(ExperimentalCoroutinesApi::class)
+class RecipientListViewModelTest {
+    private val dispatcher = StandardTestDispatcher()
+    private val receiver = Receiver(1L, "김수신", "가족")
+    private val states = MutableStateFlow<ReceiverListState>(ReceiverListState.Loading(null, SESSION))
+    private val repository = FakeUserReceiverRepository(onReceiverListStateFlow = { states })
+
+    @Before
+    fun setUp() {
+        Dispatchers.setMain(dispatcher)
+    }
+
+    @After
+    fun tearDown() {
+        Dispatchers.resetMain()
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `첫 조회 실패는 빈 목록이 아니라 Error 상태가 된다`() =
+        runTest(dispatcher) {
+            val viewModel = RecipientListViewModel(repository)
+            val job = launch { viewModel.uiState.collect {} }
+            advanceUntilIdle()
+            assertEquals(RecipientListUiState.Loading, viewModel.uiState.value)
+
+            states.value = ReceiverListState.Failure(previousReceivers = null, discardPrevious = false)
+            advanceUntilIdle()
+
+            assertEquals(RecipientListUiState.Error, viewModel.uiState.value)
+            job.cancel()
+        }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `조회 성공 시 목록을 그대로 노출한다`() =
+        runTest(dispatcher) {
+            states.value = ReceiverListState.Success(listOf(receiver))
+            val viewModel = RecipientListViewModel(repository)
+            val job = launch { viewModel.uiState.collect {} }
+
+            advanceUntilIdle()
+
+            assertEquals(listOf("김수신"), viewModel.uiState.value.recipientNames())
+            job.cancel()
+        }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `재시도는 저장소 갱신을 요청하고 성공하면 목록을 복구한다`() =
+        runTest(dispatcher) {
+            states.value = ReceiverListState.Failure(previousReceivers = null, discardPrevious = false)
+            val viewModel = RecipientListViewModel(repository)
+            val job = launch { viewModel.uiState.collect {} }
+            advanceUntilIdle()
+            assertEquals(RecipientListUiState.Error, viewModel.uiState.value)
+
+            viewModel.retry()
+            states.value = ReceiverListState.Success(listOf(receiver))
+            advanceUntilIdle()
+
+            assertEquals(1, repository.refreshReceiverListCalls)
+            assertEquals(listOf("김수신"), viewModel.uiState.value.recipientNames())
+            job.cancel()
+        }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `갱신 로딩과 갱신 실패는 마지막 성공 목록을 유지한다`() =
+        runTest(dispatcher) {
+            val viewModel = RecipientListViewModel(repository)
+            val job = launch { viewModel.uiState.collect {} }
+
+            states.value = ReceiverListState.Loading(listOf(receiver), SESSION)
+            advanceUntilIdle()
+            assertEquals(listOf("김수신"), viewModel.uiState.value.recipientNames())
+
+            states.value = ReceiverListState.Failure(listOf(receiver), discardPrevious = false)
+            advanceUntilIdle()
+            assertEquals(listOf("김수신"), viewModel.uiState.value.recipientNames())
+            job.cancel()
+        }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `401 로 버린 목록은 유지하지 않고 Error 를 보인다`() =
+        runTest(dispatcher) {
+            val viewModel = RecipientListViewModel(repository)
+            val job = launch { viewModel.uiState.collect {} }
+
+            states.value = ReceiverListState.Failure(listOf(receiver), discardPrevious = true)
+            advanceUntilIdle()
+
+            assertEquals(RecipientListUiState.Error, viewModel.uiState.value)
+            job.cancel()
+        }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `세션이 끝나면 이전 계정 목록을 비운다`() =
+        runTest(dispatcher) {
+            states.value = ReceiverListState.Success(listOf(receiver))
+            val viewModel = RecipientListViewModel(repository)
+            val job = launch { viewModel.uiState.collect {} }
+            advanceUntilIdle()
+
+            states.value = ReceiverListState.SignedOut
+            advanceUntilIdle()
+
+            assertEquals(emptyList<String>(), viewModel.uiState.value.recipientNames())
+            job.cancel()
+        }
+
+    private fun RecipientListUiState.recipientNames(): List<String>? =
+        (this as? RecipientListUiState.Success)?.recipients?.map { it.name }
+
+    private companion object {
+        const val SESSION = "session-a"
+    }
+}