diff --git a/.github/workflows/behat.yml b/.github/workflows/behat.yml
index 4adf4e0..b97c062 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/behat.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/behat.yml
@@ -26,3 +26,24 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Run behat
         run: vendor/bin/behat -f pretty --colors
+
+  xdebug-persistent-occ:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout app
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Set up PHP with Xdebug and APCu
+        uses: shivammathur/setup-php@v2
+        with:
+          php-version: '8.3'
+          coverage: xdebug
+          extensions: apcu
+
+      - name: Set up dependencies
+        run: composer install
+
+      - name: Run Behat after persistent Xdebug restart
+        run: |
+          XDEBUG_HANDLER_DEBUG=2 vendor/bin/behat features/test.feature --name "Occ command keeps PHP configuration after persistent Xdebug restart" -f pretty --colors
diff --git a/features/bootstrap/console.php b/features/bootstrap/console.php
index 60e588d..9b09bb2 100644
--- a/features/bootstrap/console.php
+++ b/features/bootstrap/console.php
@@ -6,7 +6,12 @@
  * the occ commands execution.
  */
 
-if (in_array('invalid-command', $argv)) {
+if (in_array('php-config', $argv, true)) {
+	echo 'scanned=' . (php_ini_scanned_files() !== false ? '1' : '0') . PHP_EOL;
+	exit;
+}
+
+if (in_array('invalid-command', $argv, true)) {
 	echo "Invalid command\n";
 	exit(1);
 }
diff --git a/features/test.feature b/features/test.feature
index ea21f48..438eb7e 100644
--- a/features/test.feature
+++ b/features/test.feature
@@ -339,3 +339,10 @@ Feature: Test this extension
       """
     And sending "POST" to "/"
     Then the response body should match the regular expression "^%PDF"
+
+  Scenario: Occ command keeps PHP configuration after persistent Xdebug restart
+    When run the command "php-config" with result code 0
+    Then the output of the last command should contain the following text:
+      """
+      scanned=1
+      """
diff --git a/src/NextcloudApiContext.php b/src/NextcloudApiContext.php
index e2dd98a..bf68b20 100644
--- a/src/NextcloudApiContext.php
+++ b/src/NextcloudApiContext.php
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 use Behat\Hook\BeforeSuite;
 use Behat\Step\Given;
 use Behat\Testwork\Hook\Scope\BeforeSuiteScope;
+use Composer\XdebugHandler\XdebugHandler;
 use DOMDocument;
 use Exception;
 use GuzzleHttp\Client;
@@ -598,21 +599,42 @@ public static function runCommand(string $command): array {
 			throw new \Exception('Could not retrieve owner information for UID ' . $fileOwnerUid);
 		}
 		$baseCommand = 'php ' . $console . ' ' . $command;
-		$environmentPrefix = !empty(self::$environments)
-			? http_build_query(self::$environments, '', ' ')
-			: '';
+		$commandEnvironment = self::$environments;
+		$restartSettings = XdebugHandler::getRestartSettings();
+		if ($restartSettings !== null) {
+			$commandEnvironment['PHP_INI_SCAN_DIR'] = $restartSettings['scanDir'];
+			$commandEnvironment['PHPRC'] = $restartSettings['phprc'];
+			$commandEnvironment['XDEBUG_MODE'] = 'off';
+		}
+		$environmentPrefix = self::buildEnvironmentPrefix($commandEnvironment);
 
 		if (posix_getuid() !== $owner['uid']) {
-			$fullCommand = 'runuser -u ' . $owner['name'] . ' -- '
+			$fullCommand = 'runuser -u ' . escapeshellarg($owner['name']) . ' -- '
 				. ($environmentPrefix !== '' ? 'env ' . $environmentPrefix . ' ' : '')
 				. $baseCommand;
 		} else {
-			$fullCommand = ($environmentPrefix !== '' ? $environmentPrefix . ' ' : '') . $baseCommand;
+			$fullCommand = ($environmentPrefix !== '' ? 'env ' . $environmentPrefix . ' ' : '') . $baseCommand;
 		}
 		$fullCommand .= '  2>&1';
 		return self::runBashCommand($fullCommand);
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * @param array<string, string|false> $environment
+	 */
+	private static function buildEnvironmentPrefix(array $environment): string {
+		$options = [];
+		$assignments = [];
+		foreach ($environment as $name => $value) {
+			if ($value === false) {
+				$options[] = '-u ' . escapeshellarg($name);
+				continue;
+			}
+			$assignments[] = $name . '=' . escapeshellarg($value);
+		}
+		return implode(' ', [...$options, ...$assignments]);
+	}
+
 	public static function findParentDirContainingFile(string $filename): string {
 		$dir = getcwd();
 		if (is_bool($dir)) {