diff --git a/.github/dependabot.yml b/.github/dependabot.yml
index 8946952..21fb35e 100644
--- a/.github/dependabot.yml
+++ b/.github/dependabot.yml
@@ -11,9 +11,11 @@ updates:
       prefix: build
       include: scope
     groups:
-      # arrow and parquet pin each other's exact version, so every update of them arrives together, majors too.
+      # arrow and parquet pin each other's exact version, so every update of them arrives together, majors too. The
+      # crates are named one by one: a glob left the arrow crates out of the group on the first run.
       arrow:
-        patterns: ['arrow*', 'parquet']
+        patterns: ['arrow-array', 'arrow-buffer', 'arrow-data', 'arrow-schema', 'parquet']
+        update-types: [major, minor, patch]
       production:
         dependency-type: production
         update-types: [minor, patch]
diff --git a/.github/workflows/tests.yml b/.github/workflows/tests.yml
index 1d6fc02..e951537 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/tests.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/tests.yml
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         # The oldest version is the rust-version of Cargo.toml.
-        rust: ['1.85', stable]
+        rust: ['1.88', stable]
     steps:
       # Pinned to a commit, because a tag can be moved to other code.
       - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index f1c36c7..bdc1c26 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -18,15 +18,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "alloc-no-stdlib"
-version = "2.0.4"
+version = "3.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cc7bb162ec39d46ab1ca8c77bf72e890535becd1751bb45f64c597edb4c8c6b3"
+checksum = "c2fb6cfd47bf496ff64095c20eaba0c201404ee38714d4142fcfa1dc334fcc7a"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "alloc-stdlib"
-version = "0.2.4"
+version = "0.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0e76a019e91224d279006ff972f1e984179a6e9feb050adba6ce8274aef23195"
+checksum = "0b5c1865780388bfa186411ab5f247819487fc4864c6e9c3106611fa347586e1"
 dependencies = [
  "alloc-no-stdlib",
 ]
@@ -98,9 +98,9 @@ checksum = "330a5ed07fa54e4702c9d6c4174f74427fc0ef6e214bbd677ae50a5099946470"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "arrow-array"
-version = "56.2.1"
+version = "60.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b02ccba2e977a3aabb4384036109ca32f552399a2bc0588f925f91ed073ce70c"
+checksum = "51dff6e4b9f158864a0aeb6a131ad53858ecbae7a2fc8989307b9b3c6b2f122e"
 dependencies = [
  "ahash",
  "arrow-buffer",
@@ -109,57 +109,52 @@ dependencies = [
  "chrono",
  "half",
  "hashbrown",
- "num",
+ "num-complex",
+ "num-integer",
+ "num-traits",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "arrow-buffer"
-version = "56.2.1"
+version = "60.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a90f8bece6a9ee316a699fbbfde368a206676a1206ce89b50f07937648e76c3c"
+checksum = "c7235b863533e9db3ab86905b4521251de11226275b436ff3cb2d0010558d1c5"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "half",
- "num",
+ "num-bigint",
+ "num-traits",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "arrow-cast"
-version = "56.2.1"
+name = "arrow-cmp"
+version = "60.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "61ffe645cfb4e80b1ca37a3a106ce7b4af66ccdd60c655a57e6b9aab096164a7"
+checksum = "73a0e9adb28d95739fabcdae637261a2c14e618caf58ba1b88857120f9ee2687"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow-array",
  "arrow-buffer",
- "arrow-data",
  "arrow-schema",
- "arrow-select",
- "atoi",
- "base64",
- "chrono",
- "half",
- "lexical-core",
- "num",
- "ryu",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "arrow-data"
-version = "56.2.1"
+version = "60.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "78468c813909465dd0f858950c8a0614eb63608134acf95c602ec21381258b28"
+checksum = "5aa06d5e22786c4966ffc4d2f171d0cb65d95f6bdea108a14e8c335e9faa437f"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow-buffer",
  "arrow-schema",
  "half",
- "num",
+ "num-integer",
+ "num-traits",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "arrow-ipc"
-version = "56.2.1"
+version = "60.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "31f88b0fbb33af28089ccd3e4dcd0ff09de46842168d00220b920f7231feddf5"
+checksum = "86c523472d22e31f984df7a44fc36e6323d3c9b05ffe53d267ee4c3aa7c128d2"
 dependencies = [
  "arrow-array",
  "arrow-buffer",
@@ -171,30 +166,22 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "arrow-schema"
-version = "56.2.1"
+version = "60.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5a0d5eb3fe25337ff83e8333a08379bdd1540b0961b1c888f6e505d971c198e1"
+checksum = "f85a9a58cd03560526b0066487574aacb9008e413504fa0ee23d61141e96c338"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "arrow-select"
-version = "56.2.1"
+version = "60.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2368a78bd32902dba39d52519d70f63799c8b5dc8a9477129a30c2fd3dc70c19"
+checksum = "ba3482b7d03bf4a3bf0b195f08a7f2b071595ccd54897e35b975ac63d3104977"
 dependencies = [
  "ahash",
  "arrow-array",
  "arrow-buffer",
+ "arrow-cmp",
  "arrow-data",
  "arrow-schema",
- "num",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "atoi"
-version = "2.0.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f28d99ec8bfea296261ca1af174f24225171fea9664ba9003cbebee704810528"
-dependencies = [
  "num-traits",
 ]
 
@@ -206,9 +193,9 @@ checksum = "f2032f911046de80f0a198e0901378627c33f59ea0ac00e363d481118bd70a53"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "base64"
-version = "0.22.1"
+version = "0.23.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "72b3254f16251a8381aa12e40e3c4d2f0199f8c6508fbecb9d91f575e0fbb8c6"
+checksum = "ac07cdecf99051d9a5238b80f35af32cdeba5b336e55d957b318b50137e18da5"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bitflags"
@@ -218,9 +205,9 @@ checksum = "b588b76d00fde79687d7646a9b5bdf3cc0f655e0bbd080335a95d7e96f3587da"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "brotli"
-version = "8.0.4"
+version = "9.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5cc91aac060a7a1e25823bdccbfb6af1875b88f17c6daac97894eed8207166b3"
+checksum = "f8b851b75c23ca7873623d612fe49bd1989aeb03d08fb9432187eb253d3d4c6b"
 dependencies = [
  "alloc-no-stdlib",
  "alloc-stdlib",
@@ -229,9 +216,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "brotli-decompressor"
-version = "5.0.3"
+version = "6.0.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3a32acac15fe1967bc3986b2a6347dffc965602354ea6f450ad07e8bfd253583"
+checksum = "941cd9bd4ddab83cb46fa5a2d428f1c857b24ac78cb876cf7beb710840934bd7"
 dependencies = [
  "alloc-no-stdlib",
  "alloc-stdlib",
@@ -243,12 +230,6 @@ version = "3.20.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "72f5acc6cb2ba439de613abc23857ec3d78374d8ed5ac84e9d11336e87da8649"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "byteorder"
-version = "1.5.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1fd0f2584146f6f2ef48085050886acf353beff7305ebd1ae69500e27c67f64b"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "bytes"
 version = "1.12.1"
@@ -506,9 +487,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hashbrown"
-version = "0.16.1"
+version = "0.17.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "841d1cc9bed7f9236f321df977030373f4a4163ae1a7dbfe1a51a2c1a51d9100"
+checksum = "ed5909b6e89a2db4456e54cd5f673791d7eca6732202bbf2a9cc504fe2f9b84a"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "heck"
@@ -540,12 +521,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "cc",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "integer-encoding"
-version = "3.0.4"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8bb03732005da905c88227371639bf1ad885cc712789c011c31c5fb3ab3ccf02"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "is_terminal_polyfill"
 version = "1.70.2"
@@ -579,63 +554,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "wasm-bindgen",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "lexical-core"
-version = "1.0.6"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7d8d125a277f807e55a77304455eb7b1cb52f2b18c143b60e766c120bd64a594"
-dependencies = [
- "lexical-parse-float",
- "lexical-parse-integer",
- "lexical-util",
- "lexical-write-float",
- "lexical-write-integer",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "lexical-parse-float"
-version = "1.0.6"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "52a9f232fbd6f550bc0137dcb5f99ab674071ac2d690ac69704593cb4abbea56"
-dependencies = [
- "lexical-parse-integer",
- "lexical-util",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "lexical-parse-integer"
-version = "1.0.6"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9a7a039f8fb9c19c996cd7b2fcce303c1b2874fe1aca544edc85c4a5f8489b34"
-dependencies = [
- "lexical-util",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "lexical-util"
-version = "1.0.7"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2604dd126bb14f13fb5d1bd6a66155079cb9fa655b37f875b3a742c705dbed17"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "lexical-write-float"
-version = "1.0.6"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "50c438c87c013188d415fbabbb1dceb44249ab81664efbd31b14ae55dabb6361"
-dependencies = [
- "lexical-util",
- "lexical-write-integer",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "lexical-write-integer"
-version = "1.0.6"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "409851a618475d2d5796377cad353802345cba92c867d9fbcde9cf4eac4e14df"
-dependencies = [
- "lexical-util",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "libc"
 version = "0.2.189"
@@ -671,9 +589,9 @@ checksum = "f9f8bd3e56ce4dfc153cf470fffbfa98c7620958b312ca5c3a4b8d5181fd13c6"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lz4_flex"
-version = "0.11.6"
+version = "0.14.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "373f5eceeeab7925e0c1098212f2fbc4d416adec9d35051a6ab251e824c1854a"
+checksum = "ecbdfe44b1bd960b68170b417450a628c43f7cf56bb3c5317e61cb230ee7f226"
 dependencies = [
  "twox-hash",
 ]
@@ -693,25 +611,11 @@ dependencies = [
  "libmimalloc-sys",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "num"
-version = "0.4.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "35bd024e8b2ff75562e5f34e7f4905839deb4b22955ef5e73d2fea1b9813cb23"
-dependencies = [
- "num-bigint",
- "num-complex",
- "num-integer",
- "num-iter",
- "num-rational",
- "num-traits",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "num-bigint"
-version = "0.4.8"
+version = "0.5.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c89e69e7e0f03bea5ef08013795c25018e101932225a656383bd384495ecc367"
+checksum = "93e7820bc0a80a0238e650327316f929ba18d5be054b647490a3a6a339f3e7c0"
 dependencies = [
  "num-integer",
  "num-traits",
@@ -735,27 +639,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "num-traits",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "num-iter"
-version = "0.1.46"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c92800bd69a1eac91786bcfe9da64a897eb72911b8dc3095decbd07429e8048b"
-dependencies = [
- "num-integer",
- "num-traits",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "num-rational"
-version = "0.4.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f83d14da390562dca69fc84082e73e548e1ad308d24accdedd2720017cb37824"
-dependencies = [
- "num-bigint",
- "num-integer",
- "num-traits",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "num-traits"
 version = "0.2.19"
@@ -778,15 +661,6 @@ version = "1.70.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "384b8ab6d37215f3c5301a95a4accb5d64aa607f1fcb26a11b5303878451b4fe"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "ordered-float"
-version = "2.10.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "68f19d67e5a2795c94e73e0bb1cc1a7edeb2e28efd39e2e1c9b7a40c1108b11c"
-dependencies = [
- "num-traits",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "pairpack"
 version = "1.0.0"
@@ -806,14 +680,13 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "parquet"
-version = "56.2.1"
+version = "60.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d3abbfef8a25900f4925c86e4cb881ea24672ca3c31ee4fb50a8083c4c56d313"
+checksum = "8af83d2940bc0510f9aef86d865f56fdc6095f87ab115ac885a80b7c5226d3ba"
 dependencies = [
  "ahash",
  "arrow-array",
  "arrow-buffer",
- "arrow-cast",
  "arrow-data",
  "arrow-ipc",
  "arrow-schema",
@@ -826,23 +699,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "half",
  "hashbrown",
  "lz4_flex",
- "num",
  "num-bigint",
- "paste",
+ "num-integer",
+ "num-traits",
  "seq-macro",
  "simdutf8",
  "snap",
- "thrift",
  "twox-hash",
  "zstd",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "paste"
-version = "1.0.15"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "57c0d7b74b563b49d38dae00a0c37d4d6de9b432382b2892f0574ddcae73fd0a"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "pin-project-lite"
 version = "0.2.17"
@@ -933,12 +799,6 @@ version = "1.0.23"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "cf54715a573b99ac80df0bc206da022bcd442c974952c7b9720069370852e21f"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "ryu"
-version = "1.0.23"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9774ba4a74de5f7b1c1451ed6cd5285a32eddb5cccb8cc655a4e50009e06477f"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "semver"
 version = "1.0.28"
@@ -1058,17 +918,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-sys",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "thrift"
-version = "0.17.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7e54bc85fc7faa8bc175c4bab5b92ba8d9a3ce893d0e9f42cc455c8ab16a9e09"
-dependencies = [
- "byteorder",
- "integer-encoding",
- "ordered-float",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "tiny-keccak"
 version = "2.0.2"
@@ -1270,27 +1119,27 @@ checksum = "29666d0abbfad1e3dc4dcf6144730dd3a3ab225bbbdac83319345b1b44ccfc1b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zstd"
-version = "0.13.3"
+version = "0.14.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e91ee311a569c327171651566e07972200e76fcfe2242a4fa446149a3881c08a"
+checksum = "db3ae9bf90af6e40197bef767eeefc46ad6397420fe873830bd85e5fbbfb3c70"
 dependencies = [
  "zstd-safe",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zstd-safe"
-version = "7.2.4"
+version = "8.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8f49c4d5f0abb602a93fb8736af2a4f4dd9512e36f7f570d66e65ff867ed3b9d"
+checksum = "ded520f16b29e1a9b771c722221b2b0a0398c2316d9bb3c42b458a5414d7434b"
 dependencies = [
  "zstd-sys",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zstd-sys"
-version = "2.0.16+zstd.1.5.7"
+version = "2.1.2+zstd.1.5.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "91e19ebc2adc8f83e43039e79776e3fda8ca919132d68a1fed6a5faca2683748"
+checksum = "481ada9c543b2323cbb7bbdbb5249177fbf0188ed959ed2c15e4b22421c84ed3"
 dependencies = [
  "cc",
  "pkg-config",
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 45fbe37..2b9736b 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 name = "pairpack"
 version = "1.0.0"
 edition = "2021"
-rust-version = "1.85"
+rust-version = "1.88"
 license = "MIT"
 description = "Store a string column of a parquet shard as character edits of another string column, and rebuild it byte for byte."
 
@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@ path = "src/main.rs"
 
 [dependencies]
 anyhow = "1"
-arrow-array = "56"
-arrow-buffer = "56"
-arrow-data = "56"
-arrow-schema = "56"
+arrow-array = "60"
+arrow-buffer = "60"
+arrow-data = "60"
+arrow-schema = "60"
 clap = { version = "4", features = ["derive"] }
 mimalloc = { version = "0.1", default-features = false }
-parquet = { version = "56", features = ["arrow"] }
+parquet = { version = "60", features = ["arrow"] }
 rayon = "1.11"
 serde_json = "1"
 
diff --git a/src/shard.rs b/src/shard.rs
index 32407af..644a781 100644
--- a/src/shard.rs
+++ b/src/shard.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ use arrow_array::{Array, ArrayRef, Int32Array, LargeStringArray, ListArray, Reco
 use arrow_buffer::{NullBuffer, OffsetBuffer};
 use arrow_schema::{DataType, Field, Fields, Schema, SchemaRef};
 use parquet::arrow::arrow_reader::{ArrowReaderMetadata, ArrowReaderOptions, ParquetRecordBatchReaderBuilder};
-use parquet::arrow::arrow_writer::{compute_leaves, get_column_writers};
+use parquet::arrow::arrow_writer::{compute_leaves, ArrowRowGroupWriterFactory};
 use parquet::arrow::{add_encoded_arrow_schema_to_metadata, ArrowSchemaConverter, ProjectionMask};
 use parquet::basic::{Compression, ZstdLevel};
 use parquet::column::writer::ColumnCloseResult;
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ fn arrow_select_concat(schema: &SchemaRef, batches: &[RecordBatch]) -> Result<Re
         let parts: Vec<_> = parts.iter().collect();
         let mut mutable = arrow_data::transform::MutableArrayData::new(parts, false, 0);
         for (k, b) in batches.iter().enumerate() {
-            mutable.extend(k, 0, b.num_rows());
+            mutable.try_extend(k, 0, b.num_rows())?;
         }
         columns.push(arrow_array::make_array(mutable.freeze()));
     }
@@ -308,6 +308,7 @@ impl Plan {
         }
         let out = File::create(dst).with_context(|| format!("create {}", dst.display()))?;
         let mut writer = SerializedFileWriter::new(out, self.parquet.root_schema_ptr(), self.properties.clone())?;
+        let factory = ArrowRowGroupWriterFactory::new(&writer, self.schema.clone());
         for group in 0..meta.metadata().num_row_groups() {
             let group_meta = meta.metadata().row_group(group);
             let batch = read_group(&file, &meta, group, roots)?;
@@ -315,7 +316,7 @@ impl Plan {
             for (index, array) in make(&batch)? {
                 arrays[index] = Some(array);
             }
-            let mut encoders = get_column_writers(&self.parquet, &self.properties, &self.schema)?;
+            let mut encoders = factory.create_column_writers(group)?;
             let mut chunks: Vec<Option<_>> = (0..encoders.len()).map(|_| None).collect();
             let mut leaf = 0;
             let mut copies = Vec::new();