diff --git a/clojure/deps.edn b/clojure/deps.edn
index 496cd572..45c18179 100644
--- a/clojure/deps.edn
+++ b/clojure/deps.edn
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
   org.postgresql/postgresql {:mvn/version "42.7.3"}
   com.mysql/mysql-connector-j {:mvn/version "9.0.0"}
   com.microsoft.sqlserver/mssql-jdbc {:mvn/version "12.6.1.jre11"}
+  com.microsoft.azure/msal4j         {:mvn/version "1.14.1"}
   org.xerial/sqlite-jdbc    {:mvn/version "3.46.0.0"}
 
   com.opencsv/opencsv       {:mvn/version "5.9"}
diff --git a/clojure/src/pgloader/load_file/ast.clj b/clojure/src/pgloader/load_file/ast.clj
index 832fc41b..4f9b1ef7 100644
--- a/clojure/src/pgloader/load_file/ast.clj
+++ b/clojure/src/pgloader/load_file/ast.clj
@@ -118,7 +118,13 @@
                 :raw      uri-str
                 :jdbc-url (str "jdbc:sqlserver://" host
                                ":" (if (pos? (.getPort uri)) (.getPort uri) 1433)
-                               ";databaseName=" db ";encrypt=false"
+                               ";databaseName=" db
+                               ;; Only default encrypt=false when the caller hasn't
+                               ;; already set it via query params (e.g. encrypt=true
+                               ;; is required for Azure SQL).
+                               (when-not (and raw-query
+                                              (str/includes? raw-query "encrypt="))
+                                 ";encrypt=false")
                                (when raw-query (str ";" (str/replace raw-query #"&" ";"))))}
                table-from-query)
 
diff --git a/clojure/test/pgloader/load_file/ast_test.clj b/clojure/test/pgloader/load_file/ast_test.clj
index 92888390..51e6ac38 100644
--- a/clojure/test/pgloader/load_file/ast_test.clj
+++ b/clojure/test/pgloader/load_file/ast_test.clj
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 (ns pgloader.load-file.ast-test
   (:require [clojure.test :refer [deftest is testing]]
+            [clojure.string :as str]
             [pgloader.load-file.ast :refer [parse-uri]]
             [pgloader.load-file.parser :as parser])
   (:import [java.sql DriverManager]))
@@ -64,12 +65,34 @@
       (is (nil? (:user m))))))
 
 (deftest test-parse-mssql-native-uri
-  (testing "mssql:// synthesises jdbc-url"
+  (testing "mssql:// synthesises jdbc-url with encrypt=false default"
     (let [m (parse-uri "mssql://sa:secret@mssql:1433/mydb")]
       (is (= :mssql (:type m)))
       (is (= "jdbc:sqlserver://mssql:1433;databaseName=mydb;encrypt=false"
              (:jdbc-url m))
-          "mssql:// gets jdbc-url with databaseName and encrypt=false"))))
+          "mssql:// gets jdbc-url with databaseName and encrypt=false")))
+
+  (testing "mssql:// with encrypt=true in query string — no duplicate encrypt=false"
+    (let [m (parse-uri "mssql://sa:secret@mssql:1433/mydb?encrypt=true")]
+      (is (= "jdbc:sqlserver://mssql:1433;databaseName=mydb;encrypt=true"
+             (:jdbc-url m))
+          "encrypt= in query string suppresses the default encrypt=false")))
+
+  (testing "mssql:// with authentication= for Azure AD (non-interactive)"
+    (let [m (parse-uri "mssql://user@server.database.windows.net:1433/mydb?authentication=ActiveDirectoryPassword&encrypt=true")]
+      (is (= :mssql (:type m)))
+      (is (str/includes? (:jdbc-url m) "authentication=ActiveDirectoryPassword"))
+      (is (str/includes? (:jdbc-url m) "encrypt=true"))
+      (is (not (str/includes? (:jdbc-url m) "encrypt=false"))
+          "no duplicate encrypt=false when encrypt= already in query string"))))
+
+(deftest test-msal4j-on-classpath
+  (testing "MSAL4J is bundled — Azure AD non-interactive auth modes are available"
+    (is (try (Class/forName "com.microsoft.aad.msal4j.PublicClientApplication")
+             true
+             (catch ClassNotFoundException _
+               false))
+        "com.microsoft.aad.msal4j must be on the classpath for ActiveDirectoryPassword / ActiveDirectoryServicePrincipal auth")))
 
 (deftest test-parse-postgresql-synthesises-jdbc-url
   (testing "postgresql:// synthesises jdbc-url"
diff --git a/docs/ref/mssql.rst b/docs/ref/mssql.rst
index fc61646c..bbcab04d 100644
--- a/docs/ref/mssql.rst
+++ b/docs/ref/mssql.rst
@@ -345,6 +345,48 @@ The matching is done in pgloader itself, with a Common Lisp regular
 expression lib, so doesn't depend on the *LIKE* implementation of MS SQL,
 nor on the lack of support for regular expressions in the engine.
 
+Azure SQL / Azure Active Directory Authentication
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+pgloader v4 uses the Microsoft JDBC driver (``mssql-jdbc``) and bundles
+MSAL4J, so the following non-interactive Azure AD authentication modes work
+out of the box.  Always use a ``jdbc:sqlserver://`` URL for Azure SQL so that
+``encrypt=true`` and ``authentication=`` reach the driver exactly as written:
+
+``ActiveDirectoryPassword``
+    Authenticate with an Azure AD username and password::
+
+        FROM "jdbc:sqlserver://myserver.database.windows.net:1433;databaseName=mydb;\
+authentication=ActiveDirectoryPassword;user=user@tenant.onmicrosoft.com;\
+password=secret;encrypt=true;trustServerCertificate=false"
+
+``ActiveDirectoryServicePrincipal``
+    Authenticate as an Azure AD application (client ID + client secret),
+    suitable for fully automated / CI pipelines::
+
+        FROM "jdbc:sqlserver://myserver.database.windows.net:1433;databaseName=mydb;\
+authentication=ActiveDirectoryServicePrincipal;\
+AADSecurePrincipalId=<client-id>;AADSecurePrincipalSecret=<client-secret>;\
+encrypt=true"
+
+``ActiveDirectoryManagedIdentity``
+    Authenticate using the managed identity of the Azure VM, App Service,
+    or container that pgloader runs in — no credentials in the URL::
+
+        FROM "jdbc:sqlserver://myserver.database.windows.net:1433;databaseName=mydb;\
+authentication=ActiveDirectoryManagedIdentity;encrypt=true"
+
+.. note::
+
+   ``ActiveDirectoryInteractive`` opens a browser window for an OAuth2
+   interactive login and **cannot** be used with pgloader, which runs
+   non-interactively.
+
+   The native ``mssql://`` scheme defaults to ``encrypt=false`` to match
+   on-premises SQL Server behaviour.  For Azure SQL use the
+   ``jdbc:sqlserver://`` form shown above so that ``encrypt=true`` is set
+   explicitly.
+
 MS SQL Driver setup and encoding
 --------------------------------