diff --git a/src/Encoder/ObjectAccess.php b/src/Encoder/ObjectAccess.php
index 64ebd84..c686d85 100644
--- a/src/Encoder/ObjectAccess.php
+++ b/src/Encoder/ObjectAccess.php
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 use Soap\Engine\Metadata\Model\Type;
 use Soap\Engine\Metadata\Model\TypeMeta;
 use VeeWee\Reflecta\Iso\IsoInterface;
+use VeeWee\Reflecta\Lens\Lens;
 use VeeWee\Reflecta\Lens\LensInterface;
 use function Psl\Vec\sort_by;
 use function VeeWee\Reflecta\Lens\index;
@@ -137,12 +138,44 @@ private static function createDecoderLensForType(
         $lens = match(true) {
             $encoder instanceof Feature\DecoratingEncoder => self::createDecoderLensForType($shouldLensBeOptional, $name, $encoder->decoratedEncoder(), $type, $property),
             $encoder instanceof Feature\ProvidesObjectDecoderLens => $encoder::createObjectDecoderLens($type, $property),
-            default => index($name),
+            default => $property->getType()->getMeta()->isAttribute()->unwrapOr(false)
+                ? self::createAttributeDecoderLens($property)
+                : self::createElementDecoderLens($name),
         };
 
         return $shouldLensBeOptional ? optional($lens) : $lens;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return LensInterface<array<array-key, mixed>|null, array<array-key, mixed>|null, mixed, mixed>
+     */
+    private static function createAttributeDecoderLens(Property $property): LensInterface
+    {
+        $type = $property->getType();
+        $namespace = $type->getMeta()->isQualified()->unwrapOr(false)
+            ? $type->getXmlTargetNamespace()
+            : '';
+
+        return index('@{' . $namespace . '}' . $property->getName());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return LensInterface<array<array-key, mixed>|null, array<array-key, mixed>|null, mixed, mixed>
+     */
+    private static function createElementDecoderLens(string $name): LensInterface
+    {
+        if ($name === '_') {
+            return index($name);
+        }
+
+        return Lens::readonly(static function (array $nodes) use ($name): Element|ElementList|null {
+            /** @var mixed $value */
+            $value = $nodes[$name] ?? null;
+
+            return $value instanceof Element || $value instanceof ElementList ? $value : null;
+        });
+    }
+
     private static function shouldLensBeOptional(TypeMeta $meta): bool
     {
         if ($meta->isNullable()->unwrapOr(false)) {
diff --git a/src/Xml/Reader/DocumentToLookupArrayReader.php b/src/Xml/Reader/DocumentToLookupArrayReader.php
index dd6b7b1..a27a3f8 100644
--- a/src/Xml/Reader/DocumentToLookupArrayReader.php
+++ b/src/Xml/Reader/DocumentToLookupArrayReader.php
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
 use Soap\Encoding\Xml\Node\Element;
 use Soap\Encoding\Xml\Node\ElementList;
 use VeeWee\Xml\Xmlns\Xmlns;
+use function array_key_exists;
+use function in_array;
 use function VeeWee\Xml\Dom\Predicate\is_element;
 
 /**
@@ -61,7 +63,19 @@ public function __invoke(Element $xml): array
         $attributes = $root->attributes;
         foreach ($attributes as $attribute) {
             $key = $attribute->localName;
-            $nodes[$key] = $attribute->value;
+            $namespace = $attribute->namespaceURI ?? '';
+            $nodes['@{' . $namespace . '}' . $key] = $attribute->value;
+
+            // Retain legacy custom-lens keys without replacing child elements.
+            // Protocol attributes must not masquerade as schema element values.
+            if (!array_key_exists($key, $nodes) && !in_array($namespace, [
+                Xmlns::xsi()->value(),
+                'http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/',
+                'http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/',
+                'http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-encoding',
+            ], true)) {
+                $nodes[$key] = $attribute->value;
+            }
         }
 
         return $nodes;
diff --git a/tests/Unit/Encoder/ObjectXmlLookupTest.php b/tests/Unit/Encoder/ObjectXmlLookupTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a7603bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Unit/Encoder/ObjectXmlLookupTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+<?php
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Soap\Encoding\Test\Unit\Encoder;
+
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\CoversClass;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\DataProvider;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\Test;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+use Soap\Encoding\Encoder\ObjectAccess;
+use Soap\Encoding\Encoder\ObjectEncoder;
+use Soap\Encoding\Test\Unit\ContextCreatorTrait;
+use Soap\Encoding\Xml\Node\Element;
+use Soap\Encoding\Xml\Node\ElementList;
+use Soap\Encoding\Xml\Reader\DocumentToLookupArrayReader;
+use Soap\WsdlReader\Model\Definitions\BindingUse;
+use stdClass;
+
+#[CoversClass(ObjectEncoder::class), CoversClass(ObjectAccess::class), CoversClass(DocumentToLookupArrayReader::class)]
+final class ObjectXmlLookupTest extends TestCase
+{
+    use ContextCreatorTrait;
+
+    /** @return iterable<string, array{string, string, object}> */
+    public static function lookup_cases(): iterable
+    {
+        yield 'child type survives xsi:type' => [
+            '<sequence><element name="type" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0"/></sequence>',
+            '<testType xmlns:tns="https://test" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:type="tns:testType"><type>child</type></testType>',
+            (object) ['type' => 'child'],
+        ];
+        yield 'protocol type does not invent missing child' => [
+            '<sequence><element name="type" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0"/></sequence>',
+            '<testType xmlns:tns="https://test" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:type="tns:testType"/>',
+            (object) ['type' => null],
+        ];
+        yield 'ordinary attribute does not invent missing child' => [
+            '<sequence><element name="type" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0"/></sequence>',
+            '<testType type="attribute"/>',
+            (object) ['type' => null],
+        ];
+        yield 'simple content remains available' => [
+            '<simpleContent><extension base="xsd:string"><attribute name="label" type="xsd:string"/></extension></simpleContent>',
+            '<testType label="attribute">content</testType>',
+            (object) ['_' => 'content', 'label' => 'attribute'],
+        ];
+        yield 'unqualified schema type attribute survives xsi:type' => [
+            '<attribute name="type" type="xsd:string" use="required"/>',
+            '<testType xmlns:tns="https://test" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" type="schema" xsi:type="tns:testType"/>',
+            (object) ['type' => 'schema'],
+        ];
+        yield 'qualified schema attribute ignores unqualified namesake' => [
+            '<attribute name="label" type="xsd:string" form="qualified" use="required"/>',
+            '<testType xmlns:t="https://test" t:label="correct" label="wrong"/>',
+            (object) ['label' => 'correct'],
+        ];
+        yield 'unqualified schema attribute ignores qualified namesake' => [
+            '<attribute name="label" type="xsd:string" use="required"/>',
+            '<testType xmlns:t="https://test" label="correct" t:label="wrong"/>',
+            (object) ['label' => 'correct'],
+        ];
+    }
+
+    #[Test, DataProvider('lookup_cases')]
+    public function default_decoder_lenses_distinguish_children_and_attribute_namespaces(string $properties, string $xml, object $expected): void
+    {
+        $schema = '<complexType name="testType">' . $properties . '</complexType>';
+        $metadata = self::createMetadataFromWsdl($schema, 'type="tns:testType"');
+        $context = self::createContextFromMetadata($metadata, 'testType')->withBindingUse(BindingUse::LITERAL);
+        $iso = new ObjectEncoder(stdClass::class)->iso($context);
+
+        $actual = $iso->from($xml);
+
+        static::assertEquals($expected, $actual);
+    }
+
+    #[Test]
+    public function nested_repeated_type_children_survive_protocol_type_attributes(): void
+    {
+        $schema = <<<'XML'
+        <complexType name="Child"><sequence>
+            <element name="type" type="xsd:string"/>
+        </sequence></complexType>
+        <complexType name="testType"><sequence>
+            <element name="child" type="tns:Child" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+        </sequence></complexType>
+        XML;
+        $metadata = self::createMetadataFromWsdl($schema, 'type="tns:testType"');
+        $context = self::createContextFromMetadata($metadata, 'testType')->withBindingUse(BindingUse::LITERAL);
+        $iso = new ObjectEncoder(stdClass::class)->iso($context);
+        $xml = <<<'XML'
+        <testType xmlns:tns="https://test" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
+            <child xsi:type="tns:Child"><type>first</type></child>
+            <child xsi:type="tns:Child"><type>second</type></child>
+        </testType>
+        XML;
+
+        $actual = $iso->from($xml);
+
+        static::assertEquals((object) [
+            'child' => [(object) ['type' => 'first'], (object) ['type' => 'second']],
+        ], $actual);
+    }
+
+    #[Test]
+    public function lookup_keeps_repeated_children_and_qualified_attribute_keys(): void
+    {
+        $reader = new DocumentToLookupArrayReader();
+        $xml = Element::fromString('<item xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:type="Record" type="attribute"><type>first</type><type>second</type></item>');
+
+        $lookup = $reader($xml);
+
+        static::assertInstanceOf(ElementList::class, $lookup['type']);
+        static::assertCount(2, $lookup['type']);
+        static::assertSame('attribute', $lookup['@{}type']);
+        static::assertSame('Record', $lookup['@{http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance}type']);
+    }
+
+    #[Test]
+    public function nonconflicting_legacy_attribute_keys_remain_available_for_custom_lenses(): void
+    {
+        $reader = new DocumentToLookupArrayReader();
+
+        $lookup = $reader(Element::fromString('<item label="text"/>'));
+
+        static::assertSame('text', $lookup['label']);
+        static::assertSame('text', $lookup['@{}label']);
+    }
+}