diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8be4350
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+resources/models/*.onnx filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index ee4707c..837fea9 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 /vendor/
+/.transformers-cache/
+/examples/focus-crop/
 /.vscode/
 .phpunit.result.cache
 .idea
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 51bb8b1..d44ecdf 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -29,6 +29,11 @@ $target = 'image_100x100.jpg';
 $image->crop(100, 100, Image::GRAVITY_TOP_LEFT);
 $image->save($target, 'jpg', 100);
 
+//automatically keep salient subjects in frame
+$image = new Image(\file_get_contents('image.jpg'));
+$image->crop(400, 300, Image::GRAVITY_AUTO);
+$image->save('automatic.jpg', 'jpg', 100);
+
 $image = new Image(\file_get_contents('image.jpg'));
 $target = 'image_border.jpg';
 $image->setBorder(2, "#ff0000"); //add border 2 px, red
@@ -43,9 +48,52 @@ $image->save($target, 'png', 100);
 
 ```
 
+### Automatic Cropping
+
+Use `Image::GRAVITY_AUTO` to position the crop around the most visually salient parts of an image:
+
+```php
+$image->crop(400, 300, Image::GRAVITY_AUTO);
+```
+
+Automatic cropping uses the bundled full U2NET saliency model. Empty or uniform saliency maps fall back to a centered crop. Applications do not need to download or configure a model.
+
+Detection can run separately in a worker and be stored as JSON. The result contains the normalized saliency mask and its dimensions. Passing it to `crop()` skips model inference in the image worker:
+
+```php
+// Detection worker
+$image = new Image(\file_get_contents('image.jpg'));
+$detectionJson = json_encode($image->detect(), JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR);
+// Store $detectionJson in the database.
+
+// Image worker
+$image = new Image(\file_get_contents('image.jpg'));
+$detection = json_decode($detectionJson, true, flags: JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR);
+$image->crop(400, 300, Image::GRAVITY_AUTO, $detection);
+```
+
+ONNX Runtime is installed per platform. Add its verified download hook to the root `composer.json` of the application using this library:
+
+```json
+{
+    "scripts": {
+        "post-install-cmd": "OnnxRuntime\\Vendor::check",
+        "post-update-cmd": "OnnxRuntime\\Vendor::check"
+    }
+}
+```
+
+Then run:
+
+```bash
+composer install
+```
+
+The provided Linux runtime targets glibc. Alpine and other musl-based systems require a compatible custom ONNX Runtime library.
+
 ## System requirements
 
-Utopia Image requires PHP 8.1 or later. We recommend using the latest PHP version whenever possible.
+Utopia Image requires PHP 8.1 or later with the Imagick, GD, and FFI extensions. We recommend using the latest PHP version whenever possible.
 
 ## Testing
 
diff --git a/composer.json b/composer.json
index c9fb314..f8f04eb 100644
--- a/composer.json
+++ b/composer.json
@@ -16,12 +16,24 @@
         }
     },
     "scripts": {
-        "test": "phpunit --testsuite unit"
+        "lint": "./vendor/bin/pint --test",
+        "format": "./vendor/bin/pint",
+        "check": "./vendor/bin/phpstan analyse --level max src tests --memory-limit=512M",
+        "test": "phpunit --testsuite unit",
+        "post-install-cmd": "OnnxRuntime\\Vendor::check",
+        "post-update-cmd": "OnnxRuntime\\Vendor::check"
     },
     "require": {
         "php": ">=8.1",
+        "ext-ffi": "*",
         "ext-imagick": "*",
-        "ext-gd": "*"
+        "ext-gd": "*",
+        "ankane/onnxruntime": "^0.2.9"
+    },
+    "require-dev": {
+        "phpunit/phpunit": "10.5.*",
+        "phpstan/phpstan": "2.1.*",
+        "laravel/pint": "1.24.*"
     },
     "suggest": {
         "ext-imagick": "Imagick extension is required for Imagick adapter"
diff --git a/resources/models/NOTICE.md b/resources/models/NOTICE.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..410090d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/resources/models/NOTICE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# U2NET Model
+
+`u2net.onnx` is an ONNX export of the full U2NET model from the U-2-Net project:
+
+- Source: https://github.com/xuebinqin/U-2-Net
+- ONNX distribution: https://github.com/danielgatis/rembg/releases/download/v0.0.0/u2net.onnx
+- MD5: `60024c5c889badc19c04ad937298a77b`
+- SHA-256: `8d10d2f3bb75ae3b6d527c77944fc5e7dcd94b29809d47a739a7a728a912b491`
+- License: Apache License 2.0
+
+Copyright 2020 Xuebin Qin.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. You may obtain a copy at
+https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.
diff --git a/resources/models/u2net.onnx b/resources/models/u2net.onnx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d5e2c4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/resources/models/u2net.onnx
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:8d10d2f3bb75ae3b6d527c77944fc5e7dcd94b29809d47a739a7a728a912b491
+size 175997641
diff --git a/src/Image/Image.php b/src/Image/Image.php
index ff086b8..32ae12a 100644
--- a/src/Image/Image.php
+++ b/src/Image/Image.php
@@ -6,9 +6,12 @@
 use Imagick;
 use ImagickDraw;
 use ImagickPixel;
+use OnnxRuntime\Model;
 
 class Image
 {
+    public const GRAVITY_AUTO = 'auto';
+
     public const GRAVITY_CENTER = 'center';
 
     public const GRAVITY_TOP_LEFT = 'top-left';
@@ -41,12 +44,14 @@ class Image
 
     private int $rotation = 0;
 
+    private static ?Model $saliencyModel = null;
+
     /**
      * @throws \ImagickException
      */
     public function __construct(string $data)
     {
-        $this->image = new Imagick();
+        $this->image = new Imagick;
 
         $this->image->readImageBlob($data);
 
@@ -84,6 +89,7 @@ public function __construct(string $data)
     public static function getGravityTypes(): array
     {
         return [
+            Image::GRAVITY_AUTO,
             Image::GRAVITY_CENTER,
             Image::GRAVITY_TOP_LEFT,
             Image::GRAVITY_TOP,
@@ -97,13 +103,16 @@ public static function getGravityTypes(): array
     }
 
     /**
+     * @param  null|array{width: int, height: int, mask: array<mixed>}  $detection
+     *
      * @throws \Throwable
      */
-    public function crop(int $width, int $height, string $gravity = Image::GRAVITY_CENTER): self
+    public function crop(int $width, int $height, string $gravity = Image::GRAVITY_CENTER, ?array $detection = null): self
     {
         // if no changes to Gravity, Width or Height, don't process image
-        if ($gravity === Image::GRAVITY_CENTER
-            && (
+        if (($gravity === Image::GRAVITY_CENTER || $gravity === Image::GRAVITY_AUTO)
+            &&
+            (
                 ($width !== 0 && $height !== 0)
                 && ($width === $this->width && $height === $this->height)
             )) {
@@ -139,40 +148,51 @@ public function crop(int $width, int $height, string $gravity = Image::GRAVITY_C
         }
 
         $x = $y = 0;
-        switch ($gravity) {
-            case self::GRAVITY_TOP_LEFT:
-                $x = 0;
-                $y = 0;
-                break;
-            case self::GRAVITY_TOP:
-                $x = ($resizeWidth / 2) - ($width / 2);
-                break;
-            case self::GRAVITY_TOP_RIGHT:
-                $x = $resizeWidth - $width;
-                break;
-            case self::GRAVITY_LEFT:
-                $y = ($resizeHeight / 2) - ($height / 2);
-                break;
-            case self::GRAVITY_RIGHT:
-                $x = $resizeWidth - $width;
-                $y = ($resizeHeight / 2) - ($height / 2);
-                break;
-            case self::GRAVITY_BOTTOM_LEFT:
-                $x = 0;
-                $y = $resizeHeight - $height;
-                break;
-            case self::GRAVITY_BOTTOM:
-                $x = ($resizeWidth / 2) - ($width / 2);
-                $y = $resizeHeight - $height;
-                break;
-            case self::GRAVITY_BOTTOM_RIGHT:
-                $x = $resizeWidth - $width;
-                $y = $resizeHeight - $height;
-                break;
-            default:
-                $x = ($resizeWidth / 2) - ($width / 2);
-                $y = ($resizeHeight / 2) - ($height / 2);
-                break;
+        if ($gravity === self::GRAVITY_AUTO) {
+            $detection = $detection === null ? $this->detect() : $this->normalizeDetection($detection);
+            [$maskX, $maskY] = $this->findSalientCrop(
+                $detection['mask'],
+                max(1, intval(round($detection['width'] * $width / $resizeWidth))),
+                max(1, intval(round($detection['height'] * $height / $resizeHeight)))
+            );
+            $x = min($resizeWidth - $width, $maskX * $resizeWidth / $detection['width']);
+            $y = min($resizeHeight - $height, $maskY * $resizeHeight / $detection['height']);
+        } else {
+            switch ($gravity) {
+                case self::GRAVITY_TOP_LEFT:
+                    $x = 0;
+                    $y = 0;
+                    break;
+                case self::GRAVITY_TOP:
+                    $x = ($resizeWidth / 2) - ($width / 2);
+                    break;
+                case self::GRAVITY_TOP_RIGHT:
+                    $x = $resizeWidth - $width;
+                    break;
+                case self::GRAVITY_LEFT:
+                    $y = ($resizeHeight / 2) - ($height / 2);
+                    break;
+                case self::GRAVITY_RIGHT:
+                    $x = $resizeWidth - $width;
+                    $y = ($resizeHeight / 2) - ($height / 2);
+                    break;
+                case self::GRAVITY_BOTTOM_LEFT:
+                    $x = 0;
+                    $y = $resizeHeight - $height;
+                    break;
+                case self::GRAVITY_BOTTOM:
+                    $x = ($resizeWidth / 2) - ($width / 2);
+                    $y = $resizeHeight - $height;
+                    break;
+                case self::GRAVITY_BOTTOM_RIGHT:
+                    $x = $resizeWidth - $width;
+                    $y = $resizeHeight - $height;
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    $x = ($resizeWidth / 2) - ($width / 2);
+                    $y = ($resizeHeight / 2) - ($height / 2);
+                    break;
+            }
         }
         $x = \intval($x);
         $y = \intval($y);
@@ -203,6 +223,190 @@ public function crop(int $width, int $height, string $gravity = Image::GRAVITY_C
         return $this;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Detects image saliency without modifying the image.
+     * The result can be persisted and later passed to crop() as $detection.
+     *
+     * @return array{width: int, height: int, mask: list<list<float>>}
+     */
+    public function detect(): array
+    {
+        return $this->normalizeDetection([
+            'width' => 320,
+            'height' => 320,
+            'mask' => $this->detectSaliency(),
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param  array{width: int, height: int, mask: array<mixed>}  $detection
+     * @return array{width: int, height: int, mask: list<list<float>>}
+     */
+    private function normalizeDetection(array $detection): array
+    {
+        $width = $detection['width'];
+        $height = $detection['height'];
+        $mask = $detection['mask'];
+
+        if ($width < 1 || $height < 1 || count($mask) !== $height) {
+            throw new Exception('Invalid saliency detection result');
+        }
+
+        $normalized = [];
+        foreach ($mask as $row) {
+            if (! is_array($row) || count($row) !== $width) {
+                throw new Exception('Invalid saliency detection result');
+            }
+
+            $normalizedRow = [];
+            foreach ($row as $value) {
+                if (! is_numeric($value)) {
+                    throw new Exception('Invalid saliency detection result');
+                }
+
+                $normalizedRow[] = max(0.0, min(1.0, (float) $value));
+            }
+            $normalized[] = $normalizedRow;
+        }
+
+        return [
+            'width' => $width,
+            'height' => $height,
+            'mask' => $normalized,
+        ];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return list<list<float>>
+     */
+    protected function detectSaliency(): array
+    {
+        self::$saliencyModel ??= new Model(dirname(__DIR__, 2).'/resources/models/u2net.onnx');
+
+        $image = clone $this->image;
+        $image->setFirstIterator();
+        $image = $image->getImage();
+        $image->setImageBackgroundColor('white');
+        $image->setImageAlphaChannel(Imagick::ALPHACHANNEL_REMOVE);
+        $image->transformImageColorspace(Imagick::COLORSPACE_RGB);
+        $image->resizeImage(320, 320, Imagick::FILTER_LANCZOS, 1, false);
+
+        /** @var non-empty-list<int> $pixels */
+        $pixels = $image->exportImagePixels(0, 0, 320, 320, 'RGB', Imagick::PIXEL_CHAR);
+        $maximumPixel = max(1, max($pixels));
+        $channels = [[], [], []];
+        $means = [0.485, 0.456, 0.406];
+        $deviations = [0.229, 0.224, 0.225];
+        for ($y = 0; $y < 320; $y++) {
+            $rows = [[], [], []];
+            for ($x = 0; $x < 320; $x++) {
+                $offset = ($y * 320 + $x) * 3;
+                for ($channel = 0; $channel < 3; $channel++) {
+                    $rows[$channel][] = (($pixels[$offset + $channel] / $maximumPixel) - $means[$channel]) / $deviations[$channel];
+                }
+            }
+            for ($channel = 0; $channel < 3; $channel++) {
+                $channels[$channel][] = $rows[$channel];
+            }
+        }
+
+        /** @var list<array{name: string}> $inputs */
+        $inputs = self::$saliencyModel->inputs();
+        /** @var list<array{name: string}> $outputs */
+        $outputs = self::$saliencyModel->outputs();
+        $inputName = $inputs[0]['name'];
+        $outputName = $outputs[0]['name'];
+        /** @var array<string, array{0: array{0: list<list<float|int>>}}> $prediction */
+        $prediction = self::$saliencyModel->predict([$inputName => [$channels]], [$outputName]);
+        $mask = $prediction[$outputName][0][0] ?? null;
+        if (! is_array($mask) || count($mask) !== 320) {
+            throw new Exception('U2NET returned an invalid saliency mask');
+        }
+
+        $minimum = INF;
+        $maximum = -INF;
+        foreach ($mask as $row) {
+            if (count($row) !== 320) {
+                throw new Exception('U2NET returned an invalid saliency mask');
+            }
+            foreach ($row as $value) {
+                $minimum = min($minimum, (float) $value);
+                $maximum = max($maximum, (float) $value);
+            }
+        }
+
+        $range = $maximum - $minimum;
+        if ($range < 1e-6) {
+            return array_fill(0, 320, array_fill(0, 320, 0.0));
+        }
+
+        $normalized = [];
+        foreach ($mask as $row) {
+            $normalized[] = array_map(fn ($value): float => ((float) $value - $minimum) / $range, $row);
+        }
+
+        return $normalized;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param  list<list<float>>  $mask
+     * @return array{int, int}
+     */
+    protected function findSalientCrop(array $mask, int $width, int $height): array
+    {
+        $maskHeight = count($mask);
+        $maskWidth = count($mask[0] ?? []);
+        $width = min($maskWidth, $width);
+        $height = min($maskHeight, $height);
+        $centerX = ($maskWidth - $width) / 2;
+        $centerY = ($maskHeight - $height) / 2;
+
+        if ($maskWidth === 0 || $maskHeight === 0) {
+            return [0, 0];
+        }
+
+        $integral = [array_fill(0, $maskWidth + 1, 0.0)];
+        $minimum = INF;
+        $maximum = -INF;
+        foreach ($mask as $y => $row) {
+            $integral[$y + 1] = [0.0];
+            $rowSum = 0.0;
+            for ($x = 0; $x < $maskWidth; $x++) {
+                $value = (float) ($row[$x] ?? 0.0);
+                $minimum = min($minimum, $value);
+                $maximum = max($maximum, $value);
+                $rowSum += $value;
+                $integral[$y + 1][$x + 1] = $integral[$y][$x + 1] + $rowSum;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ($maximum - $minimum < 1e-6) {
+            return [intval(round($centerX)), intval(round($centerY))];
+        }
+
+        $bestX = intval(round($centerX));
+        $bestY = intval(round($centerY));
+        $bestScore = -INF;
+        $bestDistance = INF;
+        for ($y = 0; $y <= $maskHeight - $height; $y++) {
+            for ($x = 0; $x <= $maskWidth - $width; $x++) {
+                $score = $integral[$y + $height][$x + $width]
+                    - $integral[$y][$x + $width]
+                    - $integral[$y + $height][$x]
+                    + $integral[$y][$x];
+                $distance = ($x - $centerX) ** 2 + ($y - $centerY) ** 2;
+                if ($score > $bestScore + 1e-9 || (abs($score - $bestScore) <= 1e-9 && $distance < $bestDistance)) {
+                    $bestScore = $score;
+                    $bestDistance = $distance;
+                    $bestX = $x;
+                    $bestY = $y;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return [$bestX, $bestY];
+    }
+
     /**
      * @param  int  $borderWidth  The size of the border in pixels
      * @param  string  $borderColor  The color of the border in hex format
@@ -232,13 +436,13 @@ public function setBorder(int $borderWidth, string $borderColor): self
      */
     public function setBorderRadius(int $cornerRadius): self
     {
-        $mask = new Imagick();
+        $mask = new Imagick;
         $mask->newImage($this->width, $this->height, new ImagickPixel('transparent'), 'png');
 
         $rectwidth = ($this->borderWidth > 0 ? ($this->width - ($this->borderWidth + 1)) : $this->width - 1);
         $rectheight = ($this->borderWidth > 0 ? ($this->height - ($this->borderWidth + 1)) : $this->height - 1);
 
-        $shape = new ImagickDraw();
+        $shape = new ImagickDraw;
         $shape->setFillColor(new ImagickPixel('black'));
         $shape->roundRectangle($this->borderWidth, $this->borderWidth, $rectwidth, $rectheight, $cornerRadius, $cornerRadius);
 
@@ -246,13 +450,13 @@ public function setBorderRadius(int $cornerRadius): self
         $this->image->compositeImage($mask, Imagick::COMPOSITE_DSTIN, 0, 0);
 
         if ($this->borderWidth > 0) {
-            $bc = new ImagickPixel();
+            $bc = new ImagickPixel;
             $bc->setColor($this->borderColor);
 
-            $strokeCanvas = new Imagick();
+            $strokeCanvas = new Imagick;
             $strokeCanvas->newImage($this->width, $this->height, new ImagickPixel('transparent'), 'png');
 
-            $shape2 = new ImagickDraw();
+            $shape2 = new ImagickDraw;
             $shape2->setFillColor(new ImagickPixel('transparent'));
             $shape2->setStrokeWidth($this->borderWidth);
             $shape2->setStrokeColor($bc);
@@ -337,8 +541,8 @@ public function output(string $type, int $quality = 75): ?string
     public function save(?string $path = null, string $type = '', int $quality = 75): ?string
     {
         // Create directory with write permissions
-        if ($path !== null && !file_exists(\dirname($path)) && ! @mkdir(\dirname($path), 0755, true)) {
-            throw new Exception('Can\'t create directory ' . \dirname($path));
+        if ($path !== null && ! file_exists(\dirname($path)) && ! @mkdir(\dirname($path), 0755, true)) {
+            throw new Exception('Can\'t create directory '.\dirname($path));
         }
 
         // Apply original metadata rotation
diff --git a/tests/Image/ImageTest.php b/tests/Image/ImageTest.php
index ea99663..c343798 100644
--- a/tests/Image/ImageTest.php
+++ b/tests/Image/ImageTest.php
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ private function requireEncoder(string $format): void
             self::markTestSkipped("The {$format} encoder is not available.");
         }
 
-        $probe = new \Imagick();
+        $probe = new \Imagick;
         try {
             $probe->newImage(1, 1, 'white');
             $probe->setImageFormat($format);
@@ -36,22 +36,22 @@ private function requireEncoder(string $format): void
 
     private function jpegWithExifOrientation(int $orientation): string
     {
-        $source = new \Imagick();
+        $source = new \Imagick;
         $source->newImage(20, 10, 'red', 'jpg');
         $jpeg = $source->getImageBlob();
 
         $exif = "Exif\0\0II*\0\x08\0\0\0\x01\0\x12\x01\x03\0\x01\0\0\0"
-            . pack('v', $orientation)
-            . "\0\0\0\0\0\0";
-        $segment = "\xff\xe1" . pack('n', \strlen($exif) + 2) . $exif;
+            .pack('v', $orientation)
+            ."\0\0\0\0\0\0";
+        $segment = "\xff\xe1".pack('n', \strlen($exif) + 2).$exif;
 
-        return substr($jpeg, 0, 2) . $segment . substr($jpeg, 2);
+        return substr($jpeg, 0, 2).$segment.substr($jpeg, 2);
     }
 
-    public function testJpeg(): void
+    public function test_jpeg(): void
     {
-        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
-        $target = __DIR__ . '/100x100.jpg';
+        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__.'/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
+        $target = __DIR__.'/100x100.jpg';
 
         $image->crop(100, 100);
 
@@ -69,10 +69,10 @@ public function testJpeg(): void
         unlink($target);
     }
 
-    public function testPng(): void
+    public function test_png(): void
     {
-        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
-        $target = __DIR__ . '/100x100.png';
+        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__.'/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
+        $target = __DIR__.'/100x100.png';
 
         $image->crop(100, 100);
 
@@ -90,10 +90,10 @@ public function testPng(): void
         unlink($target);
     }
 
-    public function testCrop100x100(): void
+    public function test_crop100x100(): void
     {
-        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
-        $target = __DIR__ . '/100x100.jpg';
+        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__.'/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
+        $target = __DIR__.'/100x100.jpg';
 
         $image->crop(100, 100);
 
@@ -111,11 +111,11 @@ public function testCrop100x100(): void
         unlink($target);
     }
 
-    public function testCropGravityNw(): void
+    public function test_crop_gravity_nw(): void
     {
-        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
-        $target = __DIR__ . '/NW.jpg';
-        $original = __DIR__ . '/../resources/resize/NW.jpg';
+        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__.'/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
+        $target = __DIR__.'/NW.jpg';
+        $original = __DIR__.'/../resources/resize/NW.jpg';
 
         $image->crop(50, 200, Image::GRAVITY_TOP_LEFT);
 
@@ -138,11 +138,11 @@ public function testCropGravityNw(): void
         unlink($target);
     }
 
-    public function testCropGravityN(): void
+    public function test_crop_gravity_n(): void
     {
-        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/../resources/disk-a/kitten-3.gif') ?: '');
-        $target = __DIR__ . '/N.gif';
-        $original = __DIR__ . '/../resources/resize/N.gif';
+        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__.'/../resources/disk-a/kitten-3.gif') ?: '');
+        $target = __DIR__.'/N.gif';
+        $original = __DIR__.'/../resources/resize/N.gif';
 
         $image->crop(100, 50, Image::GRAVITY_TOP);
 
@@ -165,11 +165,11 @@ public function testCropGravityN(): void
         unlink($target);
     }
 
-    public function testCropGravityNe(): void
+    public function test_crop_gravity_ne(): void
     {
-        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
-        $target = __DIR__ . '/NE.jpg';
-        $original = __DIR__ . '/../resources/resize/NE.jpg';
+        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__.'/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
+        $target = __DIR__.'/NE.jpg';
+        $original = __DIR__.'/../resources/resize/NE.jpg';
 
         $image->crop(50, 200, Image::GRAVITY_TOP_RIGHT);
 
@@ -192,11 +192,11 @@ public function testCropGravityNe(): void
         unlink($target);
     }
 
-    public function testCropGravitySw(): void
+    public function test_crop_gravity_sw(): void
     {
-        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
-        $target = __DIR__ . '/SW.jpg';
-        $original = __DIR__ . '/../resources/resize/SW.jpg';
+        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__.'/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
+        $target = __DIR__.'/SW.jpg';
+        $original = __DIR__.'/../resources/resize/SW.jpg';
 
         $image->crop(50, 200, Image::GRAVITY_BOTTOM_LEFT);
 
@@ -219,11 +219,11 @@ public function testCropGravitySw(): void
         unlink($target);
     }
 
-    public function testCropGravityS(): void
+    public function test_crop_gravity_s(): void
     {
-        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/../resources/disk-a/kitten-3.gif') ?: '');
-        $target = __DIR__ . '/S.gif';
-        $original = __DIR__ . '/../resources/resize/S.gif';
+        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__.'/../resources/disk-a/kitten-3.gif') ?: '');
+        $target = __DIR__.'/S.gif';
+        $original = __DIR__.'/../resources/resize/S.gif';
 
         $image->crop(100, 50, Image::GRAVITY_BOTTOM);
 
@@ -246,11 +246,11 @@ public function testCropGravityS(): void
         unlink($target);
     }
 
-    public function testCropGravitySe(): void
+    public function test_crop_gravity_se(): void
     {
-        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
-        $target = __DIR__ . '/SE.jpg';
-        $original = __DIR__ . '/../resources/resize/SE.jpg';
+        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__.'/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
+        $target = __DIR__.'/SE.jpg';
+        $original = __DIR__.'/../resources/resize/SE.jpg';
 
         $image->crop(50, 200, Image::GRAVITY_BOTTOM_RIGHT);
 
@@ -273,11 +273,11 @@ public function testCropGravitySe(): void
         unlink($target);
     }
 
-    public function testCropGravityC(): void
+    public function test_crop_gravity_c(): void
     {
-        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
-        $target = __DIR__ . '/C.jpg';
-        $original = __DIR__ . '/../resources/resize/C.jpg';
+        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__.'/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
+        $target = __DIR__.'/C.jpg';
+        $original = __DIR__.'/../resources/resize/C.jpg';
 
         $image->crop(150, 200, Image::GRAVITY_CENTER);
 
@@ -300,11 +300,11 @@ public function testCropGravityC(): void
         unlink($target);
     }
 
-    public function testCropGravityW(): void
+    public function test_crop_gravity_w(): void
     {
-        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/../resources/disk-a/kitten-3.gif') ?: '');
-        $target = __DIR__ . '/W.gif';
-        $original = __DIR__ . '/../resources/resize/W.gif';
+        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__.'/../resources/disk-a/kitten-3.gif') ?: '');
+        $target = __DIR__.'/W.gif';
+        $original = __DIR__.'/../resources/resize/W.gif';
 
         $image->crop(50, 100, Image::GRAVITY_LEFT);
 
@@ -327,11 +327,11 @@ public function testCropGravityW(): void
         unlink($target);
     }
 
-    public function testCropGravityE(): void
+    public function test_crop_gravity_e(): void
     {
-        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
-        $target = __DIR__ . '/E.jpg';
-        $original = __DIR__ . '/../resources/resize/E.jpg';
+        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__.'/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
+        $target = __DIR__.'/E.jpg';
+        $original = __DIR__.'/../resources/resize/E.jpg';
 
         $image->crop(50, 200, Image::GRAVITY_RIGHT);
 
@@ -354,12 +354,12 @@ public function testCropGravityE(): void
         unlink($target);
     }
 
-    public function testCropGravityPreservesAspectRatio(): void
+    public function test_crop_gravity_preserves_aspect_ratio(): void
     {
-        $source = new \Imagick();
+        $source = new \Imagick;
         $source->newImage(2, 4, 'red', 'png');
 
-        $draw = new \ImagickDraw();
+        $draw = new \ImagickDraw;
         $draw->setFillColor('blue');
         $draw->rectangle(0, 2, 1, 3);
         $source->drawImage($draw);
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ public function testCropGravityPreservesAspectRatio(): void
         $image = new Image($source->getImageBlob());
         $image->crop(4, 2, Image::GRAVITY_TOP);
 
-        $result = new \Imagick();
+        $result = new \Imagick;
         $result->readImageBlob($image->output('png', 100) ?: '');
         $color = $result->getImagePixelColor(2, 1)->getColor();
 
@@ -400,12 +400,12 @@ public static function gravityProvider(): \Iterator
     }
 
     #[DataProvider('gravityProvider')]
-    public function testCropGravityPositions(string $gravity, bool $horizontal, string $expectedChannel): void
+    public function test_crop_gravity_positions(string $gravity, bool $horizontal, string $expectedChannel): void
     {
-        $source = new \Imagick();
+        $source = new \Imagick;
         $source->newImage($horizontal ? 6 : 2, $horizontal ? 2 : 6, 'red', 'png');
 
-        $draw = new \ImagickDraw();
+        $draw = new \ImagickDraw;
         $draw->setFillColor('green');
         $draw->rectangle($horizontal ? 2 : 0, $horizontal ? 0 : 2, $horizontal ? 3 : 1, $horizontal ? 1 : 3);
         $draw->setFillColor('blue');
@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ public function testCropGravityPositions(string $gravity, bool $horizontal, stri
         $image = new Image($source->getImageBlob());
         $image->crop(2, 2, $gravity);
 
-        $result = new \Imagick();
+        $result = new \Imagick;
         $result->readImageBlob($image->output('png', 100) ?: '');
         $color = $result->getImagePixelColor(1, 1)->getColor();
 
@@ -431,10 +431,212 @@ public function testCropGravityPositions(string $gravity, bool $horizontal, stri
         }], $color[$expectedChannel]);
     }
 
-    public function testCrop100x400(): void
+    public function test_gravity_types_include_auto(): void
     {
-        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
-        $target = __DIR__ . '/100x400.jpg';
+        $this->assertContains(Image::GRAVITY_AUTO, Image::getGravityTypes());
+    }
+
+    public function test_crop_auto_uses_horizontal_saliency(): void
+    {
+        $image = new class($this->createHorizontalStripeImage()) extends Image
+        {
+            /**
+             * @return list<list<float>>
+             */
+            protected function detectSaliency(): array
+            {
+                return array_fill(0, 320, [...array_fill(0, 213, 0.0), ...array_fill(0, 107, 1.0)]);
+            }
+        };
+
+        $image->crop(2, 2, Image::GRAVITY_AUTO);
+
+        $result = new \Imagick;
+        $result->readImageBlob($image->output('png', 100) ?: '');
+        $color = $result->getImagePixelColor(1, 1)->getColor();
+
+        $this->assertGreaterThan($color['r'], $color['b']);
+        $this->assertGreaterThan($color['g'], $color['b']);
+    }
+
+    public function test_crop_auto_uses_vertical_saliency(): void
+    {
+        $image = new class($this->createVerticalStripeImage()) extends Image
+        {
+            /**
+             * @return list<list<float>>
+             */
+            protected function detectSaliency(): array
+            {
+                return [
+                    ...array_fill(0, 213, array_fill(0, 320, 0.0)),
+                    ...array_fill(0, 107, array_fill(0, 320, 1.0)),
+                ];
+            }
+        };
+
+        $image->crop(2, 2, Image::GRAVITY_AUTO);
+
+        $result = new \Imagick;
+        $result->readImageBlob($image->output('png', 100) ?: '');
+        $color = $result->getImagePixelColor(1, 1)->getColor();
+
+        $this->assertGreaterThan($color['r'], $color['b']);
+        $this->assertGreaterThan($color['g'], $color['b']);
+    }
+
+    public function test_crop_auto_centers_flat_saliency(): void
+    {
+        $image = new class($this->createHorizontalStripeImage()) extends Image
+        {
+            /**
+             * @return list<list<float>>
+             */
+            protected function detectSaliency(): array
+            {
+                return array_fill(0, 320, array_fill(0, 320, 0.0));
+            }
+        };
+
+        $image->crop(2, 2, Image::GRAVITY_AUTO);
+
+        $result = new \Imagick;
+        $result->readImageBlob($image->output('png', 100) ?: '');
+        $color = $result->getImagePixelColor(1, 1)->getColor();
+
+        $this->assertGreaterThan($color['r'], $color['g']);
+        $this->assertGreaterThan($color['b'], $color['g']);
+    }
+
+    public function test_detect_returns_persistable_saliency_result(): void
+    {
+        $image = new class($this->createHorizontalStripeImage()) extends Image
+        {
+            protected function detectSaliency(): array
+            {
+                return array_fill(0, 320, array_fill(0, 320, 0.5));
+            }
+        };
+
+        $detection = $image->detect();
+
+        $this->assertSame(320, $detection['width']);
+        $this->assertSame(320, $detection['height']);
+        $this->assertCount(320, $detection['mask']);
+        $this->assertCount(320, $detection['mask'][0]);
+        $this->assertSame(0.5, $detection['mask'][0][0]);
+    }
+
+    public function test_crop_auto_uses_precomputed_detection(): void
+    {
+        $image = new class($this->createHorizontalStripeImage()) extends Image
+        {
+            protected function detectSaliency(): array
+            {
+                throw new \RuntimeException('Detection should not run');
+            }
+        };
+
+        $image->crop(2, 2, Image::GRAVITY_AUTO, [
+            'width' => 320,
+            'height' => 320,
+            'mask' => array_fill(0, 320, [...array_fill(0, 213, 0.0), ...array_fill(0, 107, 1.0)]),
+        ]);
+
+        $result = new \Imagick;
+        $result->readImageBlob($image->output('png', 100) ?: '');
+        $color = $result->getImagePixelColor(1, 1)->getColor();
+
+        $this->assertGreaterThan($color['r'], $color['b']);
+        $this->assertGreaterThan($color['g'], $color['b']);
+    }
+
+    public function test_crop_auto_prefers_center_on_equal_scores(): void
+    {
+        $image = new class($this->createHorizontalStripeImage()) extends Image
+        {
+            /**
+             * @param  list<list<float>>  $mask
+             * @return array{int, int}
+             */
+            public function selectCrop(array $mask, int $width, int $height): array
+            {
+                return $this->findSalientCrop($mask, $width, $height);
+            }
+        };
+
+        $this->assertSame([2, 0], $image->selectCrop([[1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0]], 1, 1));
+    }
+
+    public function test_crop_auto_clamps_mask_coordinates_to_image_bounds(): void
+    {
+        $source = new \Imagick;
+        $source->newImage(1000, 100, 'white', 'png');
+        $image = new class($source->getImageBlob()) extends Image
+        {
+            /**
+             * @return list<list<float>>
+             */
+            protected function detectSaliency(): array
+            {
+                return array_fill(0, 320, [...array_fill(0, 160, 0.0), ...array_fill(0, 160, 1.0)]);
+            }
+        };
+
+        $image->crop(501, 100, Image::GRAVITY_AUTO);
+
+        $result = new \Imagick;
+        $result->readImageBlob($image->output('png', 100) ?: '');
+        $this->assertSame(501, $result->getImageWidth());
+        $this->assertSame(100, $result->getImageHeight());
+    }
+
+    public function test_crop_auto_with_u2net(): void
+    {
+        $image = new Image(\file_get_contents(__DIR__.'/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
+        $image->crop(100, 200, Image::GRAVITY_AUTO);
+
+        $result = new \Imagick;
+        $result->readImageBlob($image->output('png', 100) ?: '');
+
+        $this->assertSame(100, $result->getImageWidth());
+        $this->assertSame(200, $result->getImageHeight());
+    }
+
+    private function createHorizontalStripeImage(): string
+    {
+        $source = new \Imagick;
+        $source->newImage(6, 2, 'red', 'png');
+
+        $draw = new \ImagickDraw;
+        $draw->setFillColor('green');
+        $draw->rectangle(2, 0, 3, 1);
+        $draw->setFillColor('blue');
+        $draw->rectangle(4, 0, 5, 1);
+        $source->drawImage($draw);
+
+        return $source->getImageBlob();
+    }
+
+    private function createVerticalStripeImage(): string
+    {
+        $source = new \Imagick;
+        $source->newImage(2, 6, 'red', 'png');
+
+        $draw = new \ImagickDraw;
+        $draw->setFillColor('green');
+        $draw->rectangle(0, 2, 1, 3);
+        $draw->setFillColor('blue');
+        $draw->rectangle(0, 4, 1, 5);
+        $source->drawImage($draw);
+
+        return $source->getImageBlob();
+    }
+
+    public function test_crop100x400(): void
+    {
+        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__.'/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
+        $target = __DIR__.'/100x400.jpg';
 
         $image->crop(100, 400);
 
@@ -452,10 +654,10 @@ public function testCrop100x400(): void
         unlink($target);
     }
 
-    public function testCrop400x100(): void
+    public function test_crop400x100(): void
     {
-        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
-        $target = __DIR__ . '/400x100.jpg';
+        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__.'/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
+        $target = __DIR__.'/400x100.jpg';
 
         $image->crop(400, 100);
 
@@ -473,10 +675,10 @@ public function testCrop400x100(): void
         unlink($target);
     }
 
-    public function testCrop100x100Webp(): void
+    public function test_crop100x100_webp(): void
     {
-        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
-        $target = __DIR__ . '/100x100.webp';
+        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__.'/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
+        $target = __DIR__.'/100x100.webp';
 
         $image->crop(100, 100);
 
@@ -495,11 +697,11 @@ public function testCrop100x100Webp(): void
         unlink($target);
     }
 
-    public function testCrop100x100WebpQuality30(): void
+    public function test_crop100x100_webp_quality30(): void
     {
-        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
-        $target = __DIR__ . '/100x100-q30.webp';
-        $original = __DIR__ . '/../resources/resize/100x100-q30.webp';
+        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__.'/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
+        $target = __DIR__.'/100x100-q30.webp';
+        $original = __DIR__.'/../resources/resize/100x100-q30.webp';
 
         $image->crop(100, 100);
 
@@ -525,9 +727,9 @@ public function testCrop100x100WebpQuality30(): void
         unlink($target);
     }
 
-    public function testWebpBlobOutput(): void
+    public function test_webp_blob_output(): void
     {
-        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
+        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__.'/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
 
         $image->crop(100, 100);
 
@@ -538,14 +740,14 @@ public function testWebpBlobOutput(): void
         $this->assertSame('RIFF', substr($blob, 0, 4));
         $this->assertSame('WEBP', substr($blob, 8, 4));
 
-        $probe = new \Imagick();
+        $probe = new \Imagick;
         $probe->readImageBlob($blob);
         $this->assertSame(100, $probe->getImageWidth());
         $this->assertSame(100, $probe->getImageHeight());
         $this->assertContains($probe->getImageFormat(), ['PAM', 'WEBP']);
     }
 
-    public function testRepeatedOutputAppliesExifRotationOnce(): void
+    public function test_repeated_output_applies_exif_rotation_once(): void
     {
         $image = new Image($this->jpegWithExifOrientation(6));
 
@@ -554,9 +756,9 @@ public function testRepeatedOutputAppliesExifRotationOnce(): void
         $this->assertIsString($firstBlob);
         $this->assertIsString($secondBlob);
 
-        $first = new \Imagick();
+        $first = new \Imagick;
         $first->readImageBlob($firstBlob);
-        $second = new \Imagick();
+        $second = new \Imagick;
         $second->readImageBlob($secondBlob);
 
         $this->assertSame(10, $first->getImageWidth());
@@ -565,10 +767,10 @@ public function testRepeatedOutputAppliesExifRotationOnce(): void
         $this->assertSame($first->getImageHeight(), $second->getImageHeight());
     }
 
-    public function testSavePreservesImageForSubsequentExports(): void
+    public function test_save_preserves_image_for_subsequent_exports(): void
     {
-        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
-        $target = __DIR__ . '/reusable.jpg';
+        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__.'/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
+        $target = __DIR__.'/reusable.jpg';
 
         try {
             $image->save($target, 'jpg', 75);
@@ -577,7 +779,7 @@ public function testSavePreservesImageForSubsequentExports(): void
             $this->assertIsString($blob);
             $this->assertNotEmpty($blob);
 
-            $probe = new \Imagick();
+            $probe = new \Imagick;
             $probe->readImageBlob($blob);
             $this->assertSame('PNG', $probe->getImageFormat());
         } finally {
@@ -587,17 +789,17 @@ public function testSavePreservesImageForSubsequentExports(): void
         }
     }
 
-    public function testSaveWritesFilenameZero(): void
+    public function test_save_writes_filename_zero(): void
     {
         $cwd = getcwd();
         $this->assertIsString($cwd);
-        $directory = sys_get_temp_dir() . '/utopia-image-' . bin2hex(random_bytes(8));
+        $directory = sys_get_temp_dir().'/utopia-image-'.bin2hex(random_bytes(8));
         $this->assertTrue(mkdir($directory));
-        $target = $directory . '/0';
+        $target = $directory.'/0';
 
         try {
             $this->assertTrue(chdir($directory));
-            $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
+            $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__.'/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
             $this->assertNull($image->save('0', 'jpg', 75));
             $this->assertFileExists($target);
             $this->assertNotEmpty(file_get_contents($target));
@@ -610,10 +812,10 @@ public function testSaveWritesFilenameZero(): void
         }
     }
 
-    public function testWebpFromWebpInput(): void
+    public function test_webp_from_webp_input(): void
     {
-        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/../resources/resize/100x100.webp') ?: '');
-        $target = __DIR__ . '/roundtrip.webp';
+        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__.'/../resources/resize/100x100.webp') ?: '');
+        $target = __DIR__.'/roundtrip.webp';
 
         $image->crop(50, 50);
 
@@ -630,12 +832,12 @@ public function testWebpFromWebpInput(): void
         unlink($target);
     }
 
-    public function testCrop100x100Avif(): void
+    public function test_crop100x100_avif(): void
     {
         $this->requireEncoder('AVIF');
 
-        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(filename: __DIR__ . '/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
-        $target = __DIR__ . '/100x100.avif';
+        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(filename: __DIR__.'/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
+        $target = __DIR__.'/100x100.avif';
 
         $image->crop(100, 100);
 
@@ -657,12 +859,12 @@ public function testCrop100x100Avif(): void
         unlink($target);
     }
 
-    public function testCrop100x100AvifQuality30(): void
+    public function test_crop100x100_avif_quality30(): void
     {
         $this->requireEncoder('AVIF');
 
-        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(filename: __DIR__ . '/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
-        $target = __DIR__ . '/100x100-q30.avif';
+        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(filename: __DIR__.'/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
+        $target = __DIR__.'/100x100-q30.avif';
 
         $image->crop(100, 100);
 
@@ -681,13 +883,13 @@ public function testCrop100x100AvifQuality30(): void
         unlink($target);
     }
 
-    public function testCrop100x100Heic(): void
+    public function test_crop100x100_heic(): void
     {
         $this->requireEncoder('HEIC');
 
-        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
-        $target = __DIR__ . '/100x100.heic';
-        $original = __DIR__ . '/../resources/resize/100x100.heic';
+        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__.'/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
+        $target = __DIR__.'/100x100.heic';
+        $original = __DIR__.'/../resources/resize/100x100.heic';
 
         $image->crop(100, 100);
 
@@ -713,13 +915,13 @@ public function testCrop100x100Heic(): void
         unlink($target);
     }
 
-    public function testCrop100x100HeicQuality30(): void
+    public function test_crop100x100_heic_quality30(): void
     {
         $this->requireEncoder('HEIC');
 
-        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
-        $target = __DIR__ . '/100x100-q30.heic';
-        $original = __DIR__ . '/../resources/resize/100x100.heic';
+        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__.'/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
+        $target = __DIR__.'/100x100-q30.heic';
+        $original = __DIR__.'/../resources/resize/100x100.heic';
 
         $image->crop(100, 100);
 
@@ -745,11 +947,11 @@ public function testCrop100x100HeicQuality30(): void
         unlink($target);
     }
 
-    public function testCrop100x100Png(): void
+    public function test_crop100x100_png(): void
     {
-        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
-        $target = __DIR__ . '/100x100.png';
-        $original = __DIR__ . '/../resources/resize/100x100.png';
+        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__.'/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
+        $target = __DIR__.'/100x100.png';
+        $original = __DIR__.'/../resources/resize/100x100.png';
 
         $image->crop(100, 100);
 
@@ -770,11 +972,11 @@ public function testCrop100x100Png(): void
         unlink($target);
     }
 
-    public function testCrop100x100PngQuality30(): void
+    public function test_crop100x100_png_quality30(): void
     {
-        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
-        $target = __DIR__ . '/100x100-q30.jpg';
-        $original = __DIR__ . '/../resources/resize/100x100-q30.jpg';
+        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__.'/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
+        $target = __DIR__.'/100x100-q30.jpg';
+        $original = __DIR__.'/../resources/resize/100x100-q30.jpg';
 
         $image->crop(100, 100);
 
@@ -795,11 +997,11 @@ public function testCrop100x100PngQuality30(): void
         unlink($target);
     }
 
-    public function testCrop100x100Gif(): void
+    public function test_crop100x100_gif(): void
     {
-        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/../resources/disk-a/kitten-3.gif') ?: '');
-        $target = __DIR__ . '/100x100.gif';
-        $original = __DIR__ . '/../resources/resize/100x100.gif';
+        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__.'/../resources/disk-a/kitten-3.gif') ?: '');
+        $target = __DIR__.'/100x100.gif';
+        $original = __DIR__.'/../resources/resize/100x100.gif';
 
         $image->crop(100, 100);
 
@@ -819,11 +1021,11 @@ public function testCrop100x100Gif(): void
         unlink($target);
     }
 
-    public function testBorder5Red(): void
+    public function test_border5_red(): void
     {
-        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
-        $target = __DIR__ . '/border_5_red.jpg';
-        $original = __DIR__ . '/../resources/resize/border_5_red.jpg';
+        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__.'/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
+        $target = __DIR__.'/border_5_red.jpg';
+        $original = __DIR__.'/../resources/resize/border_5_red.jpg';
 
         $image->setBorder(5, '#ff0000');
 
@@ -839,11 +1041,11 @@ public function testBorder5Red(): void
         unlink($target);
     }
 
-    public function testRotate45(): void
+    public function test_rotate45(): void
     {
-        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
-        $target = __DIR__ . '/rotate_45.jpg';
-        $original = __DIR__ . '/../resources/resize/rotate_45.jpg';
+        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__.'/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
+        $target = __DIR__.'/rotate_45.jpg';
+        $original = __DIR__.'/../resources/resize/rotate_45.jpg';
 
         $image->setRotation(45);
 
@@ -861,11 +1063,11 @@ public function testRotate45(): void
         unlink($target);
     }
 
-    public function testOpacity02(): void
+    public function test_opacity02(): void
     {
-        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
-        $target = __DIR__ . '/opacity_0.2.png';
-        $original = __DIR__ . '/../resources/resize/opacity_0.2.png';
+        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__.'/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
+        $target = __DIR__.'/opacity_0.2.png';
+        $original = __DIR__.'/../resources/resize/opacity_0.2.png';
 
         $image->setOpacity(0.2);
 
@@ -881,11 +1083,11 @@ public function testOpacity02(): void
         unlink($target);
     }
 
-    public function testBorderRadius500(): void
+    public function test_border_radius500(): void
     {
-        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
-        $target = __DIR__ . '/border_radius_500.png';
-        $original = __DIR__ . '/../resources/resize/border_radius_500.png';
+        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__.'/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
+        $target = __DIR__.'/border_radius_500.png';
+        $original = __DIR__.'/../resources/resize/border_radius_500.png';
 
         $image->setBorderRadius(500);
 
@@ -901,11 +1103,11 @@ public function testBorderRadius500(): void
         unlink($target);
     }
 
-    public function testCrop100Op05(): void
+    public function test_crop100_op05(): void
     {
-        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
-        $target = __DIR__ . '/100x100_OP_0.5.png';
-        $original = __DIR__ . '/../resources/resize/100x100_OP_0.5.png';
+        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__.'/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
+        $target = __DIR__.'/100x100_OP_0.5.png';
+        $original = __DIR__.'/../resources/resize/100x100_OP_0.5.png';
 
         $image->crop(100, 100);
         $image->setOpacity(0.5);
@@ -924,11 +1126,11 @@ public function testCrop100Op05(): void
         unlink($target);
     }
 
-    public function testCrop100BR50(): void
+    public function test_crop100_b_r50(): void
     {
-        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
-        $target = __DIR__ . '/100x100_BR_50.png';
-        $original = __DIR__ . '/../resources/resize/100x100_BR_50.png';
+        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__.'/../resources/disk-a/kitten-1.jpg') ?: '');
+        $target = __DIR__.'/100x100_BR_50.png';
+        $original = __DIR__.'/../resources/resize/100x100_BR_50.png';
 
         $image->crop(100, 100);
         $image->setOpacity(0.5);
@@ -945,10 +1147,10 @@ public function testCrop100BR50(): void
         unlink($target);
     }
 
-    public function testGifSmallLastFrame(): void
+    public function test_gif_small_last_frame(): void
     {
-        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/../resources/disk-a/last-frame-1px.gif') ?: '');
-        $target = __DIR__ . '/last-frame-1px-output.gif';
+        $image = new Image(file_get_contents(__DIR__.'/../resources/disk-a/last-frame-1px.gif') ?: '');
+        $target = __DIR__.'/last-frame-1px-output.gif';
 
         $image->crop(0, 0);
 
@@ -970,11 +1172,11 @@ public function testGifSmallLastFrame(): void
      * Animated WebP stores delta/partial frames. Cropping without coalesce
      * scales those fragments independently and produces ghosting artifacts.
      */
-    public function testCropAnimatedWebpPreservesFrames(): void
+    public function test_crop_animated_webp_preserves_frames(): void
     {
-        $source = __DIR__ . '/../resources/disk-a/anim-delta.webp';
+        $source = __DIR__.'/../resources/disk-a/anim-delta.webp';
         $image = new Image(file_get_contents($source) ?: '');
-        $target = __DIR__ . '/anim-delta-32x32.webp';
+        $target = __DIR__.'/anim-delta-32x32.webp';
 
         $image->crop(32, 32);
         $image->save($target, 'webp', 100);
@@ -1014,11 +1216,11 @@ public function testCropAnimatedWebpPreservesFrames(): void
      * Consecutive identical frames are hold/pause frames. Cropping must keep
      * total playback delay — deconstructImages() + WebP encode can zero it out.
      */
-    public function testCropAnimatedWebpPreservesHoldFrames(): void
+    public function test_crop_animated_webp_preserves_hold_frames(): void
     {
-        $sequence = new \Imagick();
+        $sequence = new \Imagick;
         foreach (['#ff0000', '#ff0000', '#0000ff'] as $color) {
-            $frame = new \Imagick();
+            $frame = new \Imagick;
             $frame->newImage(40, 40, new \ImagickPixel($color));
             $frame->setImageDelay(40);
             $frame->setImageDispose(\Imagick::DISPOSE_NONE);
@@ -1035,7 +1237,7 @@ public function testCropAnimatedWebpPreservesHoldFrames(): void
         $this->assertNotFalse($outputBlob);
         $this->assertNotNull($outputBlob);
 
-        $output = new \Imagick();
+        $output = new \Imagick;
         $output->readImageBlob($outputBlob);
 
         $totalDelay = 0;