| 依赖 | 版本 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| Python | >=3.8 |
|
tkdeft |
>=0.2.0 |
绘制引擎层 tkdeft.engines 从 0.2.0 开始提供 |
tksvg / tkextrafont / svgwrite |
见 pyproject.toml |
由 pip 自动安装 |
pillow |
>=10.2 |
不设上界，10 / 11 / 12 均可用 |
numpy |
任意 |
⚠️ 本地开发时的常见坑如果两个仓库都在本机，IDE 会把项目根加进
sys.path，于是import tkflu用的是本地新代码，而tkdeft仍解析到 site-packages 里的 旧版本，导入时报：ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'tkdeft.engines'解决办法：把两个仓库都装成可编辑模式（先装被依赖的）：
pip install -e ../tkdeft pip install -e .确认环境是否正确：
python -c "import tkdeft; print(tkdeft.__version__, tkdeft.__file__)" # 期望输出 0.2.0 以及你本地 tkdeft 仓库的路径可选的更快绘制引擎（不装也能用，会退回 tksvg / Pillow）：
cd ../tkdeft pip install -e ".[skia]" # skia-python pip install -e ".[raster]" # skia-python + pycairo
请查阅tkfluent文档网站。
使用mkdocs和mkdocs-material构建，由netlify部署
主要章节：
| 章节 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| Get Started | 安装、上手、第一个应用 |
| Guide 指南 | 组件总览、运行演示、主题与配色 |
| Tutorial 教程 | 渲染引擎与性能、主题切换、提示气泡 |
| API 文档 | 由源码 docstring 自动生成（mkdocstrings） |
pip install -r docs/requirements.txt
mkdocs serve -f docs/mkdocs.yml # 本地预览
mkdocs build --strict -f docs/mkdocs.yml新增公开模块后，用 python docs/gen_api_pages.py --write 重新生成 API 页面，
并把打印出来的 nav 片段同步到 docs/mkdocs.yml。
不需要写代码，直接运行内置的组件画廊：
python -m tkflu # 或者安装后：tkfluent-demo
python -m tkflu -r auto # 用最快的可用渲染引擎
python -m tkflu --list-engines # 看看哪些引擎可用
python -m tkflu --check # 无界面自检（CI 可用，成功返回 0）画廊把全部组件摆在同一个窗口里（左栏内容型、右栏交互型、顶部菜单栏、 底部状态栏显示当前引擎与缓存命中率），点任何组件都会打印事件日志。 完整参数见 运行演示。
直接依赖（poetry show --tree，会随版本变化，以 pyproject.toml 为准）：
easydict ^1.13 属性式字典，组件用它存状态
numpy * 渐变插值、栅格引擎的像素运算
pillow >=10.2 位图处理与 PhotoImage 转换
svgwrite ^1.4.3 生成 SVG（SVG 引擎路径）
tkdeft 0.2.0 绘制引擎层 / 画布 / 交互控件基类
├── easydict >=1.13
├── pillow >=10.2
├── numpy *
├── svgwrite >=1.4.3,<2.0.0
├── tkextrafont >=0.6.3,<0.7.0
│ └── scikit-build *
└── tksvg >=0.7.4,<0.8.0
└── scikit-build *
完整依赖树（含间接依赖）可以自己跑一遍：
poetry show --treetkfluent 的绘制后端现在是可切换的，底层由
tkdeft.engines 提供。
from tkflu.designs.renderer import set_renderer, list_renderers
print(list_renderers())
# [(0, 'tksvg', True), (1, 'wand', True), (2, 'skia', True), (3, 'pillow', True), (4, 'cairo', True)]
set_renderer("skia") # 也接受编号：set_renderer(2)| 编号 | 引擎 | 类型 | 额外依赖 |
|---|---|---|---|
0 |
tksvg |
SVG，默认，行为与旧版完全一致 | 无 |
1 |
wand |
SVG → PNG | Wand |
2 |
skia |
进程内栅格，速度与画质最好 | pip install tkfluent[skia] |
3 |
pillow |
进程内栅格，永远可用 | 无 |
4 |
cairo |
进程内栅格 | pip install tkfluent[cairo] |
旧写法依然有效：
from tkflu.designs.renderer import set_renderer
set_renderer(0) # 之前的 0/1 语义不变为什么不直接默认换成 skia？ 栅格引擎在抗锯齿细节上与 tksvg 有亚像素级差异，为了让老项目升级后 界面一个像素都不变，默认仍是
tksvg。想要性能就显式切到2或3。
| 场景 | tksvg（默认） |
skia（编号 2） |
提升 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 按钮重绘 | 5.95 ms | 0.15 ms | 39× |
| 按钮 hover 往返 | 13.65 ms | 0.26 ms | 52× |
| 20 个按钮批量重绘 | 139.9 ms | 2.93 ms | 48× |
| 圆角矩形（参数相同，命中缓存） | 10.80 ms | 0.02 ms | 480× |
即使完全不动渲染引擎，这一版对 tkdeft 基础设施的修复（临时文件/fd 泄漏、
图片被 GC 导致画面空白、无效的重复重绘）本身也能带来约 2–3× 的改善。
复现：python benchmarks/run_all.py（在 tkdeft 仓库里）
这一版只做一件事：把主题切换重写。老实现是"挨个组件换肤 + 每个组件后面
跟一句 update()"，于是点一次"切换主题"会卡住一两秒、组件从左到右一个一个
变色、而且动画根本看不到。现在整棵树共用一条时间轴。
同一个组件画廊（59 个控件参与换肤，本机实测）：
| 0.4.0 | 0.5.0 | |
|---|---|---|
FluThemeManager.mode() 阻塞（skia） |
2.8 ~ 4.0 s | ≈ 30 ms |
同上（tksvg，默认引擎） |
≈ 3.3 s | ≈ 25 ms |
| 各组件"第一次变色"的时刻差 | 150 ms 以上 | 0 ms（同一帧） |
| 过渡中间色 | 1 种（瞬间跳变） | 3 ~ 6 种 |
| 问题 | 影响 |
|---|---|
换肤在每个组件后面调 update() |
处理全部待办事件：组件越多越久，期间窗口点不动 |
| 每个组件各排各的过渡帧 | 起点是"轮到它自己"那一刻，画面变成"一个一个变色" |
过渡帧在 mode() 内部就被消耗掉 |
用户看到的不是过渡，而是"卡两秒然后瞬间变色" |
顶层就是叶子的配色字段（FluLabel.text_color）从不参与插值 |
回写时对"路径长度为 1"的叶子取 path[1:] 得到空元组 → IndexError 被兜住，这些组件从不参与过渡 |
pywinstyles.apply_style() 内部带一句 window.update() |
每次换肤都请回来一次"在换肤里跑事件循环"；现在只在模式真的变了时才调 |
收尾时先整树重绘一遍、再逐个 restore() + _draw() |
白画一整棵树（tksvg 下就是白等几百毫秒） |
新增公开接口：run_theme_transition / ThemeTransition / blend_theme_design /
set_theme_easing / easing_names / set_transition_budget /
collect_themed_widgets / active_transition。
升级不需要改任何调用代码：mode() / toggle() / toggle_theme() 用法不变。
完整说明见 更新日志 · 0.5.0
与 主题与配色 · 过渡动画。
量法见 benchmarks/（上表的原始结果 JSON 就在那个目录里）。
补齐的组件：FluCheckBox（含不确定态）、FluRadioBox（变量 / 组名分组）、
FluLiteNav（轻量导航栏）三个是新写的；FluListBox 从"占位实现"补成了
真列表（条目数据、虚拟滚动、single/multiple/extended 三种选择模式、
键盘导航、滚轮、可拖动的自绘滚动条）。老写法
FluListBox(parent, text="标题", width=120) 外观不变。
| 问题 | 影响 |
|---|---|
FluButton.theme() 查表后无条件调用结果 |
style 写错一个字母就 TypeError，且错误值被存下 —— 这个按钮再也切不了主题，还会带崩整趟换肤 |
FluImage 的图片被内嵌 Frame 盖住 |
嵌入的控件窗口永远画在画布元素之上，图片只露出边框内侧一圈 |
FluSlider(orient="vertical") |
非横向时轨道/把手没创建，构造即 AttributeError |
FluScrollBar.set() 用 Tk 传来的字符串做算术、再用 coords 改图片元素 |
yscrollcommand 一接上就报错；横向滚动条静止时整个是空的 |
FluFrame.destroy() 只销毁了内嵌 Frame |
画布是父容器的直接子控件，销毁后面板仍留在屏幕上 |
_after 的清理是"整个解释器"级的 |
销毁子窗口会误杀主窗口的 after，随后关窗口报 can't delete Tcl command |
图标 PhotoImage 按 id(tk) 做进程级缓存 |
钉住整个解释器（50 个窗口 +96 MB），且 id 复用后会拿到已死解释器的图片 |
| 组件的过渡动画最后一帧就是最终状态 | steps=1 时按钮停在旧主题上；动画途中悬停会被迟到的旧帧覆盖 |
FluToggleButton 勾选动画的描边用的是背景色 |
边框在打勾过程中闪成强调蓝 |
| 第二个窗口里的文字变成很大的宋体 | 字体对象建在第一个解释器上（SegoeFont() 没带 master） |
FluLabel(..., font=...) 的字体被丢掉 |
传入即失效，实际用的是 TkDefaultFont |
FluMenu(tl) 的位置参数是 height |
toplevel 被当成高度，弹出窗口永远挂在默认根窗口上 |
FluFrame 放进 ttk.Frame / ttk.Notebook |
TclError: unknown option "-background" |
菜单宽度估算把 Font(master=...) 写错（应为 root=） |
TclError 被吞，永远走估算分支，菜单宽 1.6~2 倍 |
FluSlider 的 value 不夹紧、拖动没有按下态、没有键盘 |
进度条画到控件外；拖动永远是静止外观 |
| 画廊里"切换可用状态"没反应 | dconfigure() 只写属性不重绘 |
完整清单与"升级前必看"见文档的
常见问题 · 九，逐条回归在
tests/test_regressions.py。
| 问题 | 影响 |
|---|---|
FluSlider._draw 用 if renderer == 0 / elif == 1 且没有 else |
新增渲染器编号时轨道与把手不会被创建，构造即 AttributeError |
FluFrame._draw 每次重绘都挂两个 after(100) 且从不取消 |
拖动窗口时回调堆积卡顿；关窗后控制台刷 invalid command name |
FluFrame._draw 调用了 self.update() |
会处理全部事件（含 <Configure>），在 _draw 内部重入 |
FluBadge._draw 每次重绘都挂 after(10, lambda: self.update()) |
同类回调泄漏 |
icons.py 每次调用都 mkstemp() 且不关闭 fd |
每开一个窗口泄漏一个句柄 + 一个残留文件 |
window.py / toplevel.py 的 PhotoImage 未指定 master |
多 Tk 解释器场景下 iconphoto 报 not a photo image |
圆角矩形几何用 translate(0.5,0.5) |
按钮的下边框和右边框被完全裁掉 |
RenderManager 调用不存在的 winfo_zorder |
开启 optimized_rendering 后每次渲染都抛异常 |
python -m pytest tests/ # 132 passed（另有 3 个用例依赖可写的临时目录，受限环境下会跳过）
python -m ruff check tkflu tests # All checks passed!| 文件 | 覆盖 |
|---|---|
tests/test_new_widgets.py |
四个新组件的 API 与交互 |
tests/test_regressions.py |
每一条修复各一到两个断言 |
tests/test_theme_transition.py |
统一主题过渡：同一时间轴、不阻塞、帧数裁剪、接管与取消 |
tests/test_engines.py |
五个渲染引擎 ×（全部组件构建 + 换肤 + 画廊自检） |
几何类断言必须在窗口已映射时才有意义（
withdraw下winfo_width()恒为 1）； 无桌面会话时这些用例会跳过而不是失败。
本项目采用GPL-3.0协议
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If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has been installed in ROM).
The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates for a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for the User Product in which it has been modified or installed. Access to a network may be denied when the modification itself materially and adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules and protocols for communication across the network.
Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided, in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly documented (and with an implementation available to the public in source code form), and must require no special password or key for unpacking, reading or copying.
7. Additional Terms.
“Additional permissions” are terms that supplement the terms of this License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions. Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by this License without regard to the additional permissions.
When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work, for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal Notices displayed by works containing it; or
c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in reasonable ways as different from the original version; or
d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or authors of the material; or
e) Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some trade names, trademarks, or service marks; or
f) Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that material by anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for any liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on those licensors and authors.
All other non-permissive additional terms are considered “further restrictions” within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is governed by this License along with a term that is a further restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms of that license document, provided that the further restriction does not survive such relicensing or conveying.
If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating where to find the applicable terms.
Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions; the above requirements apply either way.
8. Termination.
You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third paragraph of section 11).
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the notice.
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same material under section 10.
9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However, nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
An “entity transaction” is a transaction transferring control of an organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered work results from an entity transaction, each party to that transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
11. Patents.
A “contributor” is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The work thus licensed is called the contributor's “contributor version”.
A contributor's “essential patent claims” are all patent claims owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version, but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For purposes of this definition, “control” includes the right to grant patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License.
Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and propagate the contents of its contributor version.
In the following three paragraphs, a “patent license” is any express agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent (such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to sue for patent infringement). To “grant” such a patent license to a party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a patent against the party.
If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license, and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a publicly available network server or other readily accessible means, then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent license to downstream recipients. “Knowingly relying” means you have actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that country that you have reason to believe are valid.
If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered work and works based on it.
A patent license is “discriminatory” if it does not include within the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily for and in connection with specific products or compilations that contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the combination as such.
14. Revised Versions of this License.
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General Public License “or any later version” applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Program.
Later license versions may give you additional or different permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a later version.
15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
16. Limitation of Liability.
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a copy of the Program in return for a fee.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the “copyright” line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
<program> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an “about box”.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, if any, to sign a “copyright disclaimer” for the program, if necessary. For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But first, please read <https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.