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Cut per-event handler overhead: one context per pass, run identity via async context - #1771

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@DZakh DZakh commented Oct 23, 2026 •

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What

Handlers used to get a fresh Proxy context per run, and every context.X access built another Proxy, a 10-field params object and fresh closures. This PR replaces that with one context object per batch pass (preload / execute). Its getters and entity methods read the running handler from a per-run AsyncLocalStorage scope.

RunScope (formerly ConsoleScope) is now the runtime's single record of which user code is running:

  • Its store is Run(run) | Effect(logger).
  • A run carries its kind (handler, preload, contract register), its item, its checkpoint and a resolved flag.
  • RunScope.run enters user code as a run and marks it resolved whether it succeeds or throws.
  • Console routing is one of its readers. The "after the handler / contract register is resolved" guard lives here, in one place.

Contract registers now use the same model. ContractRegisterContext used to build two Proxies per register run plus one per context.chain.X access, and kept its own isResolved copy with a closure workaround for kept add functions. It is now one context per fetch response that reads the run from the scope.

Also on the per-event path:

  • LoadLayer.loadById: returns an in-memory row directly, skipping the load manager in both passes.
  • IndexerState.handlerStatFor: caches the handler stat per event config, so a run no longer builds the contract/event key string.
  • InMemoryTable:
    • a write snapshots only the ids set since the last write, not the whole warm cache. This was ~13% of main-thread CPU on an ERC20 backfill.
    • entity writes skip index upkeep until a getWhere has built an index.
  • Preload metrics: a preload run that throws now closes its timing (finally). Before, one failure froze envio_preload_handler_seconds for the rest of the process. Reported by CodeRabbit.

Behavior changes

main this PR
console.log from unawaited work that fires during a later event labeled with the later event labeled with the event that started it
An entity accessor kept past its handler (const A = context.Account; setTimeout(() => A.set(...))) silently writes under whichever event is running throws the same "after the handler is resolved" error as context.Account
A context object stashed globally and called from a later run throws as resolved acts on the later run
A preload run that throws its timing is never closed, so the preload-time metric stops accruing counted and timed

Unchanged: preload runs stay silent until they resolve, preload writes are no-ops, unknown context.foo / context.Account.foo / context.chain.Foo throw the same messages, and contract-register guards and messages are identical.

Performance

ERC20 template handlers on USDC mainnet (blocks 6.08M–9M, 1.03M events), Node 24, local Postgres, HyperSync, release addon:

main this PR
Handler CPU per event (CPU profile) 15.1µs 9.2µs
GC per run 4.5s ~2.6s
End-to-end throughput (alternating runs) ~30.4k ev/s ~39–42k ev/s

The RunScope refactor is speed-neutral: alternating runs against the previous head were within noise.

Verification

Black box first:

  • Same output as main on real data. I ran the indexer to end_block with the same config on main, on the first version of this PR and again after the RunScope refactor. The Postgres tables are identical every time: 332,525 Account rows and 21,946 Approval rows, the same content hash.
  • ERC20 template's own test file (createTestIndexer against real HyperSync, inline snapshots) passes unmodified.
  • User-API tests (real config, schema and handler source):
    • HandlerContextAfterResolve_test: a kept entity accessor is refused after resolve. Fails on main, passes here.
    • ContractRegisterContext_test: two chains register from one shared context, and a kept add is refused after resolve. Passes on main and here, which shows contract-register behavior is preserved.
  • Scenario tests:
    • HandlerLogs_test "names the event that started work it didn't await": fails on main, passes here.
    • PreloadHandlerMetrics_test: fails on main, passes here.
  • Existing suites pass: handler API (EVM/SVM/Fuel), contract registers and dynamic contracts, entity load, effects, getWhere (index upkeep, fuzz, collisions), writes, rollback, logging, LoadLayer, E2E. pnpm lint is clean.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

https://claude.ai/code/session_01Sg65JgBHDYar7pcVwbNMHU

Summary by CodeRabbit

  • Bug Fixes
    • Delayed log messages are now associated with the event that produced them, even when other handlers run first.
    • Entity lookups can return the latest in-memory changes, including when grouped loading is requested.
    • Late writes from completed handlers are reported as errors without changing stored data.
    • Contract registrations use the chain and event associated with the active handler.
  • Metrics
    • Preload handler runs contribute to timing metrics, including when a handler fails.
  • Tests
    • Added coverage for late handler writes, event-specific log attribution, preload timing, and contract registration across chains.

…a async context

Handlers got a fresh Proxy context per run, and every `context.X` access
built another Proxy plus closures. Replace that with one context object per
batch pass whose getters and entity methods read the running handler from a
per-run AsyncLocalStorage frame. That frame is also ConsoleScope's store, so
console lines from work a handler didn't await now name the event that
started it instead of whichever event is running when it fires.

Also on the per-event path:
- in-memory `get` hits skip the load manager in both passes
- handler stats are resolved once per event type per pass
- entity writes skip index upkeep until a getWhere has built an index
- a write snapshots only the ids set since the last one, not every entity
  the table keeps warm (was ~13% of main-thread CPU on an ERC20 backfill)

Behavior notes: an entity accessor kept past its handler now throws like
`context.X` does (it copied isResolved at creation before), and reading
`context.isPreload` late no longer throws.

ERC20 template on USDC mainnet (1.03M events, Node 24, local Postgres):
handler CPU 15.1µs -> 9.2µs per event; end to end ~30.4k -> ~41.4k events/s.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01Sg65JgBHDYar7pcVwbNMHU
- LoadLayer.loadById owns the in-memory fast path. UserContext no longer
  reaches into InMemoryTable to bypass it, so one place decides "in memory".
- IndexerState.handlerStatFor caches a stat per event config for the
  indexer's lifetime, replacing the per-pass cache EventProcessing rebuilt
  every batch. The contract/event series key stays the source of truth, since
  per-chain event configs share one series.
- EventProcessing runs block and event handlers through one runInFrame:
  one try path, no frame for events that only have a contract register,
  and Utils.Promise.silentCatch for preload instead of an inline copy.
- The guard and context.log take the logger from the frame, so
  currentFrame needs no batch params.

Correction to the previous commit message: reading context.isPreload after
the handler resolved still throws, as it did before the rework.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01Sg65JgBHDYar7pcVwbNMHU
…user API

A handler that keeps `context.Account` and calls it from a timer after it
resolved must hit the same "after the handler is resolved" error as
`context.Account` itself. On main the entity Proxy copied isResolved when it
was built, so the late call silently wrote an entity under the event that
happened to be running.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01Sg65JgBHDYar7pcVwbNMHU
@DZakh
DZakh deployed to internal October 23, 2026 15:48 — with GitHub Actions Active
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📒 Files selected for processing: 3
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📝 Walkthrough

Handler and contract-register execution now use asynchronous run scopes for context access, logging, and completion. In-memory entity tracking and reads use dirty-ID and index-presence checks. Tests cover resolved-context access, delayed logs, contract registration, and preload metrics.

Changes: Run-Scoped Execution and Context

Layer / File(s) Summary
Run scopes and context access
packages/envio/src/RunScope.res, packages/envio/src/UserContext.res, packages/envio/src/Utils.res
RunScope stores handler, preload, and contract-register state. Context operations resolve from the active run. StrictObject provides missing-property handling.
Handler and registration execution
packages/envio/src/EventProcessing.res, packages/envio/src/ChainFetching.res, packages/envio/src/ContractRegisterContext.res, packages/envio/src/IndexerState.res, packages/envio/src/IndexerState.resi, packages/envio/src/LoadLayer.res, packages/envio/src/ConsoleScope.res, packages/envio/src/Main.res, packages/envio-tests/test/fixtures/ConsoleOrder.res, packages/envio-tests/test/helpers/IndexerRunner.res
Event handlers and preloads use shared execution passes. Contract-register handlers run through RunScope. Console and effect routing also use RunScope, replacing ConsoleScope. Handler statistics are passed directly to timing functions.
Run-scope and metrics tests
packages/envio-tests/test/HandlerContextAfterResolve_test.res, packages/envio-tests/test/HandlerLogs_test.res, packages/envio-tests/test/ContractRegisterContext_test.res, packages/envio-tests/test/PreloadHandlerMetrics_test.res
Tests cover context access after resolution, delayed handler logs, per-chain registration context and late-access errors, and preload-handler metrics.

In-Memory Entity Tracking and Reads

Layer / File(s) Summary
Dirty IDs and index updates
packages/envio/src/InMemoryTable.res
In-memory tables track dirty entity IDs for snapshots and track whether indexes exist before updating them.
Read in-memory changes before storage
packages/envio/src/LoadLayer.res
loadById returns an in-memory entity change when available. Otherwise, it follows the existing storage-load path.

Priority: ➖ Normal

Estimated code review effort: 4 (Complex) | ~45 minutes

Change: Refactor

Sequence Diagram(s)

sequenceDiagram
  participant EventProcessing
  participant RunScope
  participant UserContext
  EventProcessing->>RunScope: Run handler with item, checkpoint, and logger
  RunScope->>UserContext: Provide active run during handler execution
  UserContext->>RunScope: Resolve context operations from active run
  RunScope->>EventProcessing: Mark run resolved after completion
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Pre-merge checks: Passed 5
Check name Status Explanation
Description Check Passed Check skipped - CodeRabbit’s high-level summary is enabled.
Title check Passed The title clearly summarizes the main change: reducing per-event handler overhead by reusing context per pass and tracking run identity through async context.
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Actionable comments posted: 1


  • 🪄 Fix comments: Fix CodeRabbit comments on this PR
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Inline comments:
Review comments at @packages/envio/src/EventProcessing.res:
- Around line 144-149: Update the preload completion chain in the
pass-&gt;eventStat handling to call endPreloadHandler regardless of whether run
resolves or rejects, replacing the success-only callback while preserving the
existing silentCatch behavior.

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Comment thread packages/envio/src/EventProcessing.res
A preload run that rejected skipped endPreloadHandler, so the handler's
pending count never returned to zero: envio_preload_handler_seconds stopped
accruing for the rest of the process and envio_preload_handler_total missed
the run. Preload runs throw in normal operation (eg getOrThrow on an entity
an earlier event of the batch creates), so one is enough to freeze it.

Reported by CodeRabbit on #1771.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01Sg65JgBHDYar7pcVwbNMHU
@DZakh
DZakh deployed to internal October 23, 2026 17:00 — with GitHub Actions Active
@DZakh
DZakh deployed to internal October 23, 2026 17:26 — with GitHub Actions Active
ConsoleScope had become the runtime's record of which user code is running,
with console routing only one of its readers, so it is now RunScope. Its
store is `Run(run) | Effect(logger)`: a run carries its kind (handler,
preload, contract register), item, checkpoint and resolved flag, and
RunScope.run enters user code as a run and marks it resolved either way.

Contract registers move onto it. ContractRegisterContext built two Proxies
per register run plus one per `context.chain.X` access, and kept its own
isResolved copy with a closure workaround for kept `add` functions. It is now
one strictly-typed context per fetch response, reading the run from the
scope, so the after-resolve guard and its messages live in one place for
handlers and contract registers alike. Behavior is unchanged: the new
ContractRegisterContext_test (two chains registering from one context, a
kept `add` refused after resolve) passes on main as well.

The strict-prototype helper both contexts use moves to Utils.StrictObject.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01Sg65JgBHDYar7pcVwbNMHU
@DZakh
DZakh deployed to internal October 23, 2026 19:10 — with GitHub Actions Active
- Time each preload run from before it starts, as main did: the stat was
  started after the run, missing the handler's synchronous part.
- Name the handler error message once instead of switching inside `throw`.
- RunScope: inline `enter`, which had one caller, and stop the record in
  `run` shadowing the function's own name.
- Remove Utils.Promise.isCatchable, whose only caller was the old contract
  register loop.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01Sg65JgBHDYar7pcVwbNMHU
@DZakh
DZakh deployed to internal October 23, 2026 21:45 — with GitHub Actions Active

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