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Use long chain run to inform number of MCMC samples for each calibration #14

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@salleuska

We discussed setting a default number of MCMC samples per calibration, possibly using mixing information from the long MCMC run (integrated autocorrelation time).

If I have a target ESS of 200 for the short chain, estimating the integrated autocorrelation time from the long chain would give me a ballpark estimate of the number of MCMC samples needed to reach an ESS of 200. If $\tau$ is the integrated autocorrelation time

$$\tilde{m} = \text{ESS}_{\text{target}} \times \tau$$

The chain we want to monitor is the difference between the discrepancy for the posterior predictive and the observed discrepancy, i.e., D(y_rep, θ) - D(y_obs, θ).

Open question: with multiple discrepancies, do we estimate $\tau$ per discrepancy and take the max (most conservative), or pick one some other way?

@abigailkeller I think this was your suggestion, so tagging you in case I remember something wrong.

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