[pull] master from git:master

Documentation/Makefile

@@ -129,6 +129,7 @@ TECH_DOCS += technical/long-running-process-protocol
 TECH_DOCS += technical/multi-pack-index
 TECH_DOCS += technical/packfile-uri
 TECH_DOCS += technical/pack-heuristics
+TECH_DOCS += technical/paint-down-to-common
 TECH_DOCS += technical/parallel-checkout
 TECH_DOCS += technical/partial-clone
 TECH_DOCS += technical/platform-support

Documentation/RelNotes/2.56.0.adoc

@@ -105,6 +105,18 @@ UI, Workflows & Features
    to remove local branches that are already merged into their tracked
    remote-tracking branches.
 
+ * The 'remote-object-info' command for 'git cat-file --batch-command'
+   has been extended to support the '%(objecttype)' placeholder.
+
+ * The usage string of 'git fast-import' has been updated to use the
+   parse_options() API for displaying help, and its SYNOPSIS in the
+   documentation has been standardized to match.
+
+ * The error message given by 'git send-email' when a message file is
+   missing a 'Subject:' header has been clarified, and the error string
+   is now terminated with a newline so that Perl avoids appending its
+   internal source location data.
+
 
 Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
 --------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -381,6 +393,20 @@ Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
    has been deferred, and the loading of the loose-object map has been
    detangled from repository initialization.
 
+ * The 'struct odb_read_stream' and 'struct odb_write_stream'
+   structures have been consolidated into a single unified 'struct
+   odb_stream' structure, simplifying object database streaming APIs
+   and enabling streaming of arbitrary object types.
+
+ * The sequencer has been updated to release the object database before
+   spawning 'git commit'.  This prevents open file handles from
+   blocking auto-maintenance tasks, such as repacking, on systems like
+   Windows where open files cannot be easily unlinked.
+
+ * The merge-base computation has been optimized by stopping the walk
+   early when one side's exclusive commits in the queue are exhausted,
+   yielding significant speedups for queries with one-sided histories.
+
 
 Fixes since v2.55
 -----------------

Documentation/git-cat-file.adoc

@@ -348,15 +348,12 @@ newline. The available atoms are:
 	after that first run of whitespace (i.e., the "rest" of the
 	line) are output in place of the `%(rest)` atom.
 
-The command `remote-object-info` only supports the `%(objectname)` and
-`%(objectsize)` placeholders. See `CAVEATS` below for more information.
+The command `remote-object-info` only supports the `%(objectname)`,
+`%(objectsize)` and `%(objecttype)` placeholders. See `CAVEATS` below for more
+information.
 
 If no format is specified, the default format is `%(objectname)
-%(objecttype) %(objectsize)`, except for `remote-object-info` commands which
-use `%(objectname) %(objectsize)` because `%(objecttype)` is not supported yet.
-
-WARNING: When "%(objecttype)" is supported, the default format WILL be unified,
-so DO NOT RELY on the current default format to stay the same!!!
+%(objecttype) %(objectsize)`.
 
 If `--batch` is specified, or if `--batch-command` is used with the `contents`
 command, the object information is followed by the object contents (consisting
@@ -453,9 +450,9 @@ scripting purposes.
 CAVEATS
 -------
 
-Note that only `%(objectname)` and `%(objectsize)` are currently
-supported by the `remote-object-info` command. Using any other placeholder in
-the format string will return an empty string in its position.
+Note that only `%(objectname)`, `%(objectsize)` and `%(objecttype)` are
+currently supported by the `remote-object-info` command. Using any other
+placeholder in the format string will return an empty string in its position.
 
 Note that the sizes of objects on disk are reported accurately, but care
 should be taken in drawing conclusions about which refs or objects are

Documentation/git-fast-import.adoc

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-fast-import - Backend for fast Git data importers
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-frontend | 'git fast-import' [<options>]
+'git fast-import' [<options>]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -65,6 +65,13 @@ Only enable this option if you trust the program generating the
 fast-import stream! This option is enabled automatically for
 remote-helpers that use the `import` capability, as they are
 already trusted to run their own code.
++
+Note that this option has to be spelled in full, and has to appear
+before any option whose value is separated from it by a space, for
+the unsafe `feature` commands in the stream to be allowed. So
+`--allow-unsafe` or `--depth 5 --allow-unsafe-features` still refuse
+them, while `--allow-unsafe-features --depth 5` and
+`--depth=5 --allow-unsafe-features` allow them.
 
 `--signed-tags=<mode>`::
 	Specify how to handle signed tags. Behaves in the same way as

Documentation/gitprotocol-v2.adoc

@@ -558,14 +558,17 @@ object-info
 
 `object-info` is the command to retrieve information about one or more objects.
 Its main purpose is to allow a client to make decisions based on this
-information without having to fully fetch objects. Object size is the only
-information that is currently supported.
+information without having to fully fetch objects. Currently only object size
+and type are supported.
 
 An `object-info` request takes the following arguments:
 
 	size
 	Requests size information to be returned for each listed object id.
 
+	type
+	Requests type information to be returned for each listed object id.
+
 	oid <oid>
 	Indicates to the server an object which the client wants to obtain
 	information for. They must be full OIDs.
@@ -580,11 +583,18 @@ space.
 	info = *PKT-LINE(attr LF)
 	       *PKT-LINE(obj-info LF)
 
-	attr = "size"
+	attr = "size" | "type"
 
 	obj-size = 1*DIGIT
 
-	obj-info = obj-id [SP [obj-size]]
+	obj-type = "blob" | "tree" | "commit" | "tag"
+
+	obj-val = obj-size | obj-type
+
+	obj-info = obj-id [SP [obj-val *(SP obj-val)]]
+
+The values in `obj-info` appear in the same order as the corresponding `attr`
+lines, with exactly one value per requested attribute.
 
 If the server does not recognize the OID, the response will be `<oid> SP`
 regardless of the number of attributes requested.

Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.adoc

@@ -150,8 +150,77 @@ Data Structure
 
 The main data structure is an array of the `option` struct,
 say `static struct option builtin_add_options[]`.
+
+Option flags
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Each option can carry flags in the `flags` field of its `option`
+struct. These are per-option flags and are distinct from the
+`parse_options()` flags described above; they are usually set through
+the `OPT_*_F()` macro variants (see below) rather than by hand. They
+are the bitwise-or of:
+
+`PARSE_OPT_OPTARG`::
+	The option's argument is optional, i.e. both `--option` and
+	`--option=<value>` are accepted.
+
+`PARSE_OPT_NOARG`::
+	The option takes no argument at all. Using `--option=<value>`
+	is rejected.
+
+`PARSE_OPT_NONEG`::
+	Disable the automatically generated negated `--no-option`
+	form.
+
+`PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN`::
+	Hide the option: it is omitted from the usage shown by
+	`git <cmd> -h`, but is still shown by `git <cmd> --help-all`.
+	The option is parsed as usual either way. This is meant for
+	deprecated, advanced or otherwise uncommon options.
+
+`PARSE_OPT_LASTARG_DEFAULT`::
+	The no-argument form is only accepted when the option is the
+	last token on the command line; used earlier, it still
+	requires an argument. Should not be combined with
+	`PARSE_OPT_OPTARG`.
+
+`PARSE_OPT_NODASH`::
+	The option is a single character without a leading dash, such
+	as the `+` used by some commands.
+
+`PARSE_OPT_LITERAL_ARGHELP`::
+	Use the argument help string (`argh`) verbatim in the usage
+	output instead of surrounding it with `<>` or `[]`. Useful when
+	`argh` already contains a hand-formatted description.
+
+`PARSE_OPT_FROM_ALIAS`::
+	Internal flag, set on options that were expanded from a
+	configured alias. It should not be set by callers.
+
+`PARSE_OPT_NOCOMPLETE`::
+	Do not offer this option for completion.
+
+`PARSE_OPT_COMP_ARG`::
+	The option's argument, rather than the option itself, is what
+	should be completed.
+
+`PARSE_OPT_CMDMODE`::
+	The option is one of several mutually exclusive "command mode"
+	options that share the same variable. Using more than one of
+	them at once is rejected.
+
+Macros
+~~~~~~
+
 There are some macros to easily define options:
 
+Many of the macros below have an `_F` variant (for example `OPT_BOOL_F`,
+`OPT_STRING_F`, `OPT_INTEGER_F`, `OPT_SET_INT_F`, `OPT_BIT_F` and
+`OPT_CALLBACK_F`) that takes an additional trailing `flags` argument.
+That argument is the bitwise-or of the per-option flags described in the
+"Option flags" section above; the non-`_F` macros are simply defined
+with `flags` set to `0`.
+
 `OPT__ABBREV(&int_var)`::
 	Add `--abbrev[=<n>]`.
 
@@ -175,10 +244,21 @@ There are some macros to easily define options:
 	describes the group or an empty string.
 	Start the description with an upper-case letter.
 
+`OPT_HIDDEN_GROUP(description)`::
+	Like `OPT_GROUP()`, but the group header carries
+	`PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN`, so it is only shown by `--help-all` and not
+	by `-h`. Use it to label a group that contains only hidden
+	options, which would otherwise show an empty header under `-h`.
+
 `OPT_BOOL(short, long, &int_var, description)`::
 	Introduce a boolean option. `int_var` is set to one with
 	`--option` and set to zero with `--no-option`.
 
+`OPT_HIDDEN_BOOL(short, long, &int_var, description)`::
+	Like `OPT_BOOL()`, but the option carries `PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN`,
+	so it is hidden from `-h` while still being shown by
+	`--help-all`.
+
 `OPT_COUNTUP(short, long, &int_var, description)`::
 	Introduce a count-up option.
 	Each use of `--option` increments `int_var`, starting from zero

Documentation/technical/meson.build

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ articles = [
   'multi-pack-index.adoc',
   'packfile-uri.adoc',
   'pack-heuristics.adoc',
+  'paint-down-to-common.adoc',
   'parallel-checkout.adoc',
   'partial-clone.adoc',
   'platform-support.adoc',