Add onConflictDoNothing and onConflictDoUpdate to inserts

[Makisuo]

Phase 3 of design/writes.md. Stacked on #10, which is stacked on #9.

CH.insertInto(Counters)
	.values({ key: "a", count: 1 })
	.onConflictDoUpdate({
		target: ["key"],
		set: ($, excluded) => ({ count: $.count.add(excluded.count) }),
		where: ($) => $.locked.eq(false),
	})
	.returning("key", "count")

INSERT INTO "counters" ("key", "count")
VALUES ($1, $2)
ON CONFLICT ("key") DO UPDATE SET "count" = "counters"."count" + "excluded"."count" WHERE "counters"."locked" = FALSE
RETURNING "key" AS "key", "count" AS "count"

What changes

• Drizzle's shape. The options match Drizzle's (target, targetWhere, set, where), so Maple's 68 ON CONFLICT sites move over with renames. This replaces the chained form sketched in the design note; the note now records the change.
• Targets. target is column names or { constraint }. targetWhere gives a partial index's predicate. onConflictDoUpdate requires a target, enforced in the types.
• set is a record of values, params or expressions, or a callback over $ (the existing row) and excluded. $ is qualified with the table name, because an unqualified column there is ambiguous with excluded.
• Tenant scope. A set that writes the tenant column counts toward tenant scope.
• Dialects. New optional DialectClauses.onConflict. ClickHouse refuses with a QueryBuilderDefect.
• Exports. ConflictTarget, ConflictSet, OnConflictDoNothing and OnConflictDoUpdate are exported for helpers.

Testing

• bun run typecheck and bun run test: 502 unit tests and the doc checks pass.
• Unit tests cover every target form, set/where SQL and params, tenant scope through set, and the failures and defects.
• New PGlite test: a real upsert that adds to the existing count, is skipped by where on a locked row (returns nothing), and DO NOTHING returning only the row that was inserted.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

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📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between ee97ecb and eab33d4.

📒 Files selected for processing (12)

• CHANGELOG.md
• design/writes.md
• docs/inserts.md
• docs/reference.md
• src/ch/compile.ts
• src/ch/dialect.ts
• src/ch/index.ts
• src/ch/insert.test-d.ts
• src/ch/insert.test.ts
• src/ch/insert.ts
• src/database/database.test.ts
• src/pg/dialect.ts

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